DrillSystRigWell

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411
Lesson 2A
 Drilling Systems
 Drilling Rigs
 Drilling a Well
Homework
 Read ADE to p. 21
 Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B
 ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (on the internet)

2A. Rigs,
due Monday, September 8, 2003
Drilling a PETE 411 Well
Well Drilling Slide 2 of 53
Rotary Drilling
CHAPTER 1 (ADE)
 Drilling Team
 Drilling Rigs
 Rig Power System
 Hoisting System
2A. Rigs,  Circulating System . . .
Rotary Drilling - cont’d
 The Rotary System

 The Well Control System
 Well-Monitoring System
 Special Marine Equipment
 Drilling Cost Analysis
2A. Rigs,
 Examples
The Rig Count
2A. Rigs,
From the Houston Chronicle, August 2001, 2002 and 2003
From
2A. Rigs,the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, September 1, 2002
2A.From
Rigs, the Houston Chronicle, Sunday, August 31, 2003
Noble
Drilling’s
Cecil
Forbes
A Jack-
Up Rig
2A. Rigs,
Sonat’s A Semi-
George Submersible
Washington Rig
2A. Rigs,
Zapata’s
Trader
A
Drillship
2A. Rigs,
Deep Water Development Options
SUBSEA FIXED
COMPLETIONS PLATFORMS
COMPLIANT
TOWERS
FLOATING TENSION
PRODUCTION LEG
2A. Rigs, SYSTEMS PLATFORMS

2A. Rigs,
2A. Rigs,
TENSION LEG PLATFORM
Shell’s
Auger
Tension
Leg
Platform
2A. Rigs,
Shell’s
Bullwinkle
World’s tallest
offshore
structure
1,353’ water
depth
Production
began in 1989
45,000 b/d
80MM
2A. Rigs,scf/d
To TENSIONERS
SLIP JOINT
MARINE
RISER
GUIDE LINES
BOP STACK
2A. Rigs, GUIDE BASE

Drilling a PETE 411 Well MUDLINE
2A. Rigs,
Drilling
Fig. 1.3a PETEdrilling
- Typical 411 Well rig organization
Fig. 1.4
The
rotary
drilling
process
2A. Rigs,
Fig. 1.5
2A. Rigs, Classification of

Drilling a PETE 411 Well rotary drilling
Well Drilling rigsSlide 19 of 53
Fig. 1.13
Engine
power
output
P=F.V
Power = Force * Velocity
2A. Rigs,
TABLE 1.1 - HEATING VALUE
OF VARIOUS FUELS
Fuel Density Heating Value

Type (lbm/gal) (Btu/lbm)
diesel 7.2 19,000

gasoline 6.6 20,000
butane 4.7 21,000
methane --- 24,000
2A. Rigs,
Example 1.1. A diesel engine gives an output
torque of 1,740 ft-lbf at an engine speed of 1,200
rpm. If the fuel consumption rate was 31.5 gal/hr,
what is the output power and overall efficiency of
the engine?
Solution: The angular velocity,  , is given by

 = 2 (1,200) = 7,539.8 rad/min.)
The power output can be computed using Eq.1.1
7,539.8 (1,740) ft - lbf/min
P  T   397.5hp
2A. Rigs,  33,000 ft - lbf/min  /hp
Since the fuel type is diesel, the density is 7.2
lbm/gal and the heating value H is 19,000
Btu/lbm (Table 1.1). Thus, the fuel consumption
rate w f is:
 1 hour 
w f  31.5 gal/hr (7.2 lbm/gal)  
 60 minutes 
wf = 3.78 lbm/min.
The total heat energy consumed by the engine is

given by Eq. 1.2:
2A. Rigs,
Efficiency = (Power Out / Power in)
Qi = w f H
3.78 lbm/min 19,000Btu/lbm   779 ft - lbf/Btu 
Qi 
33,000 ft - lbf/min/hp
Thus, the overall efficiency of the engine at 1,200
rpm given by Eq. 1.3 is
P 397.5
2A.E t 
Rigs,   0.234 or 23.4%
Drilling a
Qi 1695.4
PETE 411 Well
Drilling a Well
 Steps in Drilling a Well

 Duties of Drilling Engineer
 Making a Connection
 Making a Trip
 Rig Selection Criteria
 Derrick Loading
2A. Definitions (Lesson 2B) (separate)
 Rigs,
Steps to Drill A Gas/Oil Well
1. Complete or obtain seismic, log, scouting
information or other data.
2. Lease the land or obtain concession.
3. Calculate reserves or estimate from best data
available.
4. If reserve estimates show payout, proceed with
well.
5. Obtain permits from conservation/
national authority.
2A. Rigs,
Steps to Drill a Well - cont’d
6. Prepare drilling and completion

program.
7. Ask for bids on footage, day work, or
combination from selected drilling
contractors based on drilling program.
8. If necessary, modify program to fit
selected contractor equipment.
2A. Rigs,
9. Construct road, location/platforms and

other marine equipment necessary for
access to site.
10. Gather all personnel concerned for
meeting prior to commencing drilling
(pre-spud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program.
12. Drill well.
2A. Rigs,
13. Move off contractor if workover unit is

to complete the well.
14. Complete well.
15. Install surface facilities.
16. Analysis of operations with concerned
personnel.
2A. Rigs,
Drilling Operations
Field Engineers, Drilling Foremen
A. Well planning prior to SPUD
B. Monitor drilling operations
C. After drilling, review drilling results and
recommend future improvements
- prepare report.
D. General duties.
What are the well requirements?
Objectives, safety, cost
2A. Rigs,
Making Making
a a
Connection Trip
2A. Rigs,
2A. Rigs,
Drilling a Making aPETE
mouse411hole
Wellconnection
Moving Kelly
to Single in
Mousehole Single
Added.
Stabbing Ready to
the Pipe Drill
2A. Rigs,
Making
Drilling a a mouse
PETE hole
411connection
Well - cont’d
Making a trip
Why
trip?
Use
Elevators
Put Kelly in
for
Rathole
tripping
2A. Rigs,
Tripping
one stand
at a time
60-90 ft
2A. Rigs,
Well Making a trip - cont’d
Drilling Slide 35 of 53
Criteria for determining
depth limitation
 Derrick
 Drawworks
 Mud Pumps
 Drillstring
 Mud System
 Blowout Preventer

2A. Rigs, Power Plant
T W
T W
W W
2W
• FIG 1-1 Simple Pulley System
T=W
2A. Rigs, LD = 2W (no friction in sheave)
n = number
of lines
W = weight
(hook load)
LD = load
on derrick
• FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System

Assuming no friction
W=4T T = W/4  n 2 
2A. Rigs, LD   W
Drilling
LD = a6 T = 6 W/4
PETE 411 Well  n 
Example 1.1
(no friction)
The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch

casing for a deep well is determined to be
400,000 lbs. Since this will be the heaviest
casing string run, the maximum mast load
must be calculated. Assuming that 10
lines run between the crown and the
traveling blocks and neglecting buoyancy
effects, calculate the maximum load.
2A. Rigs,
Solution:
The tension, T, will be distributed equally

between the 10 lines. Therefore,
T = 400,000/10 = 40,000 lbf
The tension in the fast line and dead line
will also be 40,000 lbf, so the total load is
40,000 X 12 = 480,000 lbf
2A. Rigs,
Solution, cont.
Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional

points.
1. The marginal decrease in mast load

decreases with additional lines.
2. The total mast load is always

greater than the load being lifted.
2A. Rigs,
A Rotary Rig
Hoisting System
2A. Rigs,
Projection of
Drilling Lines
on Rig Floor
2A. Rigs,
Drilling a PETE 411 Well TOTAL
Load on Derrick
(considering friction in sheaves)
Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load

Fd = W + Ff + Fs
W W  1  E  En 
Fd  W   = W
En n  En 
2A. Rigs,
Drilling a E = overall efficiency,
PETE 411 Well
e.g., E = en = 0.98n
Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks

can provide an input power to the block and tackle
system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung
between the crown block and traveling block.
Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line
when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower
available,
2A. Rigs,
Example 1.2, cont.
3. the maximum hoisting speed,

4. the actual derrick load,
5. the maximum equivalent derrick load,
and,
6. the derrick efficiency factor.
Assume that the rig floor is arranged as

shown in Fig. 1.17.
2A. Rigs,
Solution
1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is given as 0.841

in Table 1.2. The tension in the fast line is given by
Eq. 1.7.
Tension in the Fast Line,
W 300,000
F   44,590 lb
E n 0.841* 8
2A. Rigs,
Drilling a ( 0.98
PETE 4118 =Well
0.851 )
Solution
2. The maximum hook horsepower

available is

Ph = Epi = 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp.
2A. Rigs,
Solution
3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by
Ph
vb 
W
 33,000 ft - lbf / min 
420.5 hp  
 hp 

300,000 lbf
2A. Rigs,
Drilling a = 46.3 ft /411
PETE minWell
Solution to 3., cont.
To pull a 90-ft stand would require
90 ft
t  1.9 min.
46.3 ft / min
2A. Rigs,
Solution
4. The actual derrick load is given by Eq.1.8b:
 1  E  En 
Fd   W
 En 
 1 + 0.841 + 0.841(8) 
=  (300,000)
 0.841(8) 
2A. Rigs, = 382,090 lbf.
Solution
5. The maximum equivalent load is given

by Eq.1.9:
 n4 8 4
Fde    W   * 300,000
 n   8 
W W
FDLL  
4 n
F
2A. Rigs, de  450, 000 lbf n 4
FDLL    W
 4n 
Solution
6. The derrick efficiency factor is:
Fd 382,090
Ed  
Fde 450,000
2A. Rigs, E d  0.849 or 84.9%


DrillSystRigWell

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PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 411

 Learn the Definitions in Lesson 2B

 ADE # 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 (on the internet)

 The Rotary System

Drilling a PETE 411 Well

2A. Rigs, GUIDE BASE

2A. Rigs, Classification of

Power = Force * Velocity

Fuel Density Heating Value

diesel 7.2 19,000

Solution: The angular velocity,  , is given by

The total heat energy consumed by the engine is

 Steps in Drilling a Well

6. Prepare drilling and completion

9. Construct road, location/platforms and

13. Move off contractor if workover unit is

• FIG 1-2 Block and Tackle System

The total weight of 9,000 ft of 9 5/8-inch

The tension, T, will be distributed equally

Example 1.1 demonstrates two additional

1. The marginal decrease in mast load

2. The total mast load is always

A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks

3. the maximum hoisting speed,

Assume that the rig floor is arranged as

1. The power efficiency for n = 8 is given as 0.841

Tension in the Fast Line,

2. The maximum hook horsepower

Ph = Epi = 0.841(500) = 420.5 hp.

3. The maximum hoisting speed is given by

To pull a 90-ft stand would require

4. The actual derrick load is given by Eq.1.8b:

5. The maximum equivalent load is given

6. The derrick efficiency factor is:

2A. Rigs, E d  0.849 or 84.9%

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