RAJA BALANT SINGH

FACULTY OF
ARCHITCTURE

TOPIC-CEMENT & CONCRETE

SUBMITTED TO-
AR. LEENA CHAUDHARY SUBMITTED BY-
ANKUR SHARMA
KUNAL VERMA

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 1

INTRODUCTION
Concrete is obtained by mixing cement, fine
aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and admixtures
in required proportions. The mixture when placed in
forms and allowed to cure becomes hard like stone.

The hardening is caused by chemical action between

water and the cement due to which concrete grows
stronger with age.

It is the most widely-used man-made construction

material in the world.
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 2
CONCRETE MAKING MATERIALS
 Cement
 Aggregates
 Water
 Admixtures

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 3

CEMENT

Cement and water forms the ‘active’ component of

concrete, while the inactive group comprises the fine
and coarse aggregates.
The cement and water form a paste that hardens and
bonds the aggregates together.

Types of Cement
Although around 18 types of cements are recognized
by BIS, more commonly used ones are:
 Ordinary Portland Cement 33, 43, & 53 grade OPC,
 Blended Cements (PPC and PSC).
 Sulphate Resisting Cement (SRC),
 Low Heat Portland Cement (LHPC),
 Hydrophobic Portland Cement,
 Colored Cement (White Cement).

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 4

• They are cheaper than cement and impart greater
volume stability and durability to concrete.
 The main purpose is to provide bulk to the concrete.
 Some of the aggregates may be chemically active.

CLASSIFICATION
 Geological origin – natural and artificial
 Size – fine, coarse and all-in
 Shape – rounded, irregular, angular, flaky and
elongated
 Unit weight – normal-weight, heavyweight and
lightweight

AGGREGATES
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WATER
 The most important and least expensive ingredient of
concrete.
 One part of the water is used in the hydration of
cement to form the binding matrix.
 The remaining water affords lubrication and
workability to the concrete.
 Water-cement ratio depends on the grade of
concrete, its workability, durability, nature and type
of aggregates etc.
 Potable water is ideal for concreting.
 Seawater may be used in PCC.

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 6

ADMIXTURES
Added to the concrete immediately or during mixing to
modify its properties in the fresh or hardened state.

Types:
 Accelerators - speed up the initial set of concrete.
 Retarders – delay the setting time of concrete mix.
 Plasticizers and Super-plasticizers - water reducers.
 Air entraining admixtures
 Water proofers
 Pigments
 Corrosion-inhibiting chemicals
 Antifungal admixtures

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 7

TYPES OF CONCRETE MIXES
1. NOMINAL MIX
Mixes of fixed proportions, IS:456-2000 permits
nominal mixes for concretes of strength M20 or
lower

2. DESIGN MIX
Designed on the basis of requirements of the
concrete in fresh and hardened states.

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 8

TRIAL MIXES
Prepared to verify whether the Design Mix would
perform as per the assumptions. If appreciable
variation exists, the available alternatives are:

1. directly employ the trial mix proportions at the site

2. modify the trial mix proportions on the basis of
intuition and employ the revised proportions at the
site
3. prepare further trial mixes incorporating changes in
the proportions based on the feedback generated
from the previous mix.

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CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
DEFINITION

“ Mix Design is the science of determining the

relative proportions of the ingredients of concrete to
achieve the desired properties in the most
economical way.”

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 10
1 The environment exposure condition for the structure
2 The grade of concrete, their characteristic strength’s
and standard deviations
3 The type of cement
4 The types and sizes of aggregates and their sources of
supply
5 The nominal maximum sizes of aggregates
6 Maximum and minimum cement content in kg/m3
7 Water cement ratio
8 The degree of workability of concrete based on placing
conditions
PRINCIPLES OF MIX DESIGN
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IS 456:2000 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 12
IS 456:2000 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 13
IS 456:2000 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 14
1. Workability
2. Durability

FACTORS DEFINING THE CHOICE OF MIX

PROPORTIONS
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 15
WORKABILITY
“that property of freshly mixed concrete which
determines the ease and homogeneity with which it
can be mixed, placed, consolidated and finished.”

DURABILITY
“the resistance to weathering action due to
environmental conditions such as changes in
temperature and humidity, chemical attack, abrasion,
frost and fire.”

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 16

 CEMENT
Cement is a hydraulic binder and is defined as a finely
ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water
forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of
hydration reaction and processes which, after hardening
retains its strength and stability even under water.

• popular building material.

• material with adhesive and cohesive properties.
• to bind fine and coarse aggregate together.

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 17

 TYPES OF CEMENT
I. NON HYDAULIC CEMENT-must be kept dry in order to
retain there strength. For EX. GYPSUM PLASTER.

II. HYDAULIC CEMENT-it hardens because of hydration

they can harden even under water or when constantly
exposed to wet weather. Hydraulic cement are a
following types :-
A. Portland cement
B. Natural cement
C. Expensive cement
D. High alumina cement

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 18

To be continued………..
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