RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
Respiratory System
 Latin:Systema Respiratorium
 The Respiratory System is the system in the human
body that enables us to breathe. The act
of breathing includes inhaling and exhaling air in the
body the absorption of oxygen from the air in order to
produce energy the discharge of carbon dioxide, which
is the byproduct of the process.
 There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system
the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration.
The airway, which includes the nose, mouth, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, carries air
between the lungs and the body's exterior.

Respiratory System
TRACHEA
ROOM TABLE II
TRACHEA
 TRACHEA-The trachea, commonly known as the
windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less
than an inch in diameter in most people. The
trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box)
and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). TRACHEA
The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes
called bronchi: one bronchus for each lung.
 The trachea is composed of about 20 rings of tough
cartilage. The back part of each ring is made of
muscle and connective tissue. Moist, smooth tissue
called mucosa lines the inside of the trachea. The
trachea widens and lengthens slightly with each
breath in, returning to its resting size with each
breath out.
MAIN PARTS OF TRACHEA
 TRACHEA WALL-The wall of the trachea is made up
of four distinct tissue layers
 MUCOSA-is the innermost layer and consists of
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with
many goblet cells. Goblet cells
 SUBMUCOSA-Deeper connective tissue which
supports the mucosa is called the submucosa.
 CARTILAGE RING-prevents the trachea from
collapsing when there is not much air in it by internally
supporting the trachea.
 TRACHEALIS MUSCLE-is a smooth muscle
that bridges the gap between the free ends of C-shaped
cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea,
adjacent to the esophagus.
BRONCHI
ROOM TABLE II
 BRONCHI
Bronchi are the main passageway into the lungs.
When someone takes a breath through their nose
or mouth, the air travels into the larynx. The next
step is through the trachea, which carries the air to
the left and right bronchus. The bronchi become
smaller the closer they get to the lung tissue and
are then considered bronchioles. These
passageways then evolve into tiny air sacs
called alveoli, which is the site of oxygen and
carbon dioxide exchange in the respiratory system. BRONCHI
No gas exchanges occur in any of the bronchi.
When the bronchi become swollen due to irritants
or infection, bronchitis results and makes
breathing more difficult. Bronchitis sufferers also
tend to have much more mucus and phlegm than
someone without inflamed bronchi.
MAIN PARTS OF BRONCHI

 Bronchus which is also known as a main or

primary bronchus, represents the airway in the
respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
Bronchi will branch into smaller tubes that
become bronchioles.
 RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS- is wider, shorter,
and more vertical than the left main bronchus.
 LEFT MAIN BRONCHUS- is smaller in caliber
but longer than the right, being 5 cm long.
 MAIN PARTS OF BRONCHI

 SECONDARY BRONCHI or LOBAR BRONCHI-to

deliver air to the two lobes of the left lung the superior and the
inferior lobe. The secondary bronchi divide further into
tertiary bronchi,(also known as segmental bronchi), each of
which supplies a bronchopulmonary segment.
 INFERIOR LOBES-Inferior Lobe of the Lung functions
mainly to oxygenate the blood via pulmonary circulation as it
passes through the alveoli. However it also has non respiratory
functions
 SUPERIOR LOBES-each lung are the uppermost pieces, also
called the upper lobes

 MIDDLE LOBES- the smallest lobe of the right

lung, located between the horizontal and oblique fissures.
MAIN PARTS OF BRONCHI

 TERIARY BRONCHI-are also called

the segmental bronchi. They branch
out from the secondary bronchi,
which descend from the
mainstream bronchi. Lower in the
lung, they become smaller and
break up into the primary
bronchioles.
BRONCHIOLES
ROOM TABLE II
BRONCHIOLES

BRONCHIOLES-are tubes in the lungs which

branch off from the larger bronchi that enter
each lung, from the large and
singular trachea which connects to the mouth.
As such, bronchioles are one of the smallest
airways in the respiratory tract, and lead directly
to the alveolar ducts which house
the alveoli responsible for exchanging gases
with the blood
MAIN PARTS OF BRONCHIOLES

 LOBULAR BRONCHILOES-(or preterminal

bronchiole), conducts air in and out of a pulmonary
lobule (or secondary pulmonary lobule).
 TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES-Terminal
bronchioles measure 0.5 – 1 mm (or less) in
diameter and have walls made of simple ciliated
cuboidal cells, a few smooth muscle cells, and
connective tissue. They are too thick for air
exchange, so these tubes are considered to be the
last of the conducting zone structures.
 RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES-
the final branches of the bronchioles.
LUNGS
ROOM TABLE II
LUNGS
 LUNGS-are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest
(thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its
tubular branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller
branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic.
 The bronchioles eventually end in clusters of microscopic air sacs called alveoli.
In the alveoli, oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood. Carbon dioxide, a
waste product of metabolism, travels from the blood to the alveoli, where it can
be exhaled. Between the alveoli is a thin layer of cells called the interstitium,
which contains blood vessels and cells that help support the alveoli.
 The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer called the pleura. The same kind of
thin tissue lines the inside of the chest cavity -- also called pleura. A thin layer of
fluid acts as a lubricant allowing the lungs to slip smoothly as they expand and
contract with each breath.
GAMES
RUMBLE OF WORDS
TRACHEALIS MUSCLE

IHSATALCRE
SUCLME
is a smooth muscle that bridges the gap between the free ends of
C-shaped cartilages at the posterior border of the trachea, adjacent
to the esophagus.
 INFERIOR LOBES

RIFONEIR
OSELB
mainly to oxygenate the blood via pulmonary circulation as it
passes through the alveoli. However it also has non respiratory
functions
RIGHT MAIN BRONCUS

HIGTR AMIN
NRUSORBC
is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the other.
Systema Respiratorium

EYSMATES
MASEIRPURTOR
LATIN word of respiratory system
THANK YOU