QUALITATIVE VS.

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Prepared by: The Reporters
LET’S PLAY A
GAME
 QUESTION#1
•From which noun does the word
“Qualitative” derive from?
 ANSWER:

•Quality
 QUESTION #2
•From which noun does the
word “Quantitative” derive
from?
 ANSWER:

•Quantity
 QUESTION #3
•What is the difference
between ‘data’ and
‘information’?
 ANSWER:

•Data is UNORGANIZED
information.
•Information is ORGANIZED
data.
 WHAT IS QUALITATIVE
TECHNIQUE?
• seeks answers to a question

• systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question

• collects evidence

• produces findings that were not determined in advance

• produces findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study

• Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about

the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular populations.
 QUALITATIVE TECHNIQUES:
• ‘Quality’
• Collect data in the form of words or statements.
• Qualitative observations
• sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. They do
not involve measurements or numbers. For
instance, colors, shapes, and textures of objects
are all qualitative observations.
 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES:

• ‘Quantity’
• To collect data in the form of numbers.
• height, weight, and age of a person; the daily,
monthly, or annual income of an employee as
well as your grades in Academic subjects.
 BIG IDEA

Qualitative and Quantitative Researches are both important

types of Researches with the same purpose of finding
meanings and contributing to a body of knowledge.
• Researches that use the quantitative
techniques are broadly classified as
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH.
• Researches that use the qualitative techniques
are classified as QUALITATIVE RESEARCH.
 TABLE 2.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCHES
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE
Subjective Objective
Research Questions answers what and why Research Questions answer how many or strength
of relationship or difference
Literature Review may be done as the study Literature Review is usually done before the study
progresses
Develops Theory Tests Theory
Interpretive Measurable
Reports rich narrative, individual interpretation Reports statistical analysis
Basic element of analysis is words/ideas Basic elements of analysis is numbers
Researcher is part of the process Researcher is separate
Participants Subjects
Context dependent Context free
Reasoning is dialetic and inductive Reasoning is logistic and deductive
Describes meaning, discovery Establishes relationships and causation
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• It is more subjective
• Involves gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data based on observations made
about the participants of the study.
• Data can be in the form of ideas, actions, symbols metaphors derived from in-depth
observations and interviews.
• Aims to interpret meanings, descriptions, and symbols.
• There is no definite number of participants that qualitative research requires.
 EXAMPLES OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH TOPICS:
• Students’ images of Chemistry
• Gender and Cultural gaps in the classroom
• Science practices of the Mangyan tribe
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Usually geared toward measuring hypothesis using statistical tools.
• More objective
• Methods are also predetermined and structured
• Good statistical treatments are important in deciding possible outcomes or
conclusions for the success of Research.
• Follows a certain sample size in the use of the subjects or respondents of the study.
 EXAMPLES OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH TOPICS:
• Predictors of Science Performance
• Growth performance of Organic Fertilizer
• Population rate in Metro Manila in the next 20 years
 METHODS USED IN QUALITATIVE
AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative Methodologies Qualitative Methodologies
Preference for precisely describing procedure Preference for Narrative/ literary descriptions of
procedures
Data reduced to numerical scores Preference for Narrative descriptions
Preference for random sampling for obtaining Preference for expert informant samples
meaningful samples
Preference for statistical summary of results Preference for narrative summary of results
Willingness to manipulate aspects, situations, or Unwillingness to tamper with naturally occurring
conditions in studying complex phenomena phenomena
 CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
1. The researcher has an important role in Qualitative Research.
2. Qualitative data are gathered and presented in a form of words,
descriptions, pictures or meanings and not in numbers.
3. Qualitative research is concerned with the process involved.
4. Inductive reasoning is used in analyzing qualitative data.
5. Qualitative researcher is concerned with the meanings and interpretations.
 STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
• Issues can be examined in detail and depth
• Interviews are not restricted to specific questions and can be guided/redirected by
the researcher in real time.
• The research framework and direction can be quickly revised as new information
emerges.
• The data based on human experiences that is obtained is powerful and sometimes
more compelling than quantitative data.
• Subtleties and complexities about the research subjects and/or topic are discovered
that are often missed by more positivistic inquiries.
• Data usually are collected from a few or individuals so findings cannot be
generalized to a larger population. Findings can however be transferable to another
setting.
 LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
• Research quality is heavily dependent on the individual skills of the researcher and
more easily influenced by the researcher’s personal biases and idiosyncrasies.
• Rigor is more difficult to maintain, assess and demonstrate.
• The volume of data makes analysis and interpretation time consuming.
• It is sometimes not as well understood and accepted as quantitative research
scientific community.
• The researcher’s presence during data gathering, which is often unavoidable in
qualitative research, can affect the subjects’ responses.
• Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can present problems when presenting
findings.
• Findings can be more difficult and time consuming to characterize in a visual way.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
APPROACH
 1. ETHNOGRAPHY

Ethnographic approach to qualitative research is basically derived from

anthropology.
 Ethnographer studies the entire culture of a particular group.
 It is initially concerned with the geographic location and ethnicity.
Ethnographic research is no longer limited to ethnic groups.
The most common ethnographic approach is participant observation.
 2. PHENOMENOLOGY
Explores the world of the participants by gaining thoughts, insights, and perceptions
to a particular phenomenon.
The researchers tries to investigate an individual’s thoughts and perceptions and
find the common ground to every experience.
Researchers wants to identify and describe.
The participants relive their experiences in order to obtain the very essence of
theses thoughts and perceptions.
 3. NARRATIVE RESEARCH
• Research that narrates the life experiences of an individual told to the researcher of
from the available material.
• Highlights special events in the individual’s life.
• It could be biography or autobiography.
• In Biography, the researcher narrates the experiences of other person.
• In Autobiography, the written account of the individual who is the subject of the
study.
 4. GROUNDED THEORY
Aims to generate a theory from the data which are analyzed and interpreted
inductively.
The theory that can be generated does not start from the beginning but only
surfaced after all the data have been analyzed inductively.
Some of the topics that can be used using grounded theory study are the System of
disciplines of skilled workers and how coaches maintain discipline among his team
players.
 CASE STUDY
Presents a detailed analysis of a specific case.
Usually, a case is an individual, or one group of people or one school.
The researcher only focuses in one particular case.
For example, you can perform a case study on a student who excels both in
math and science, or an student who is poor in reading and yet a black
belter in taekwondo.
QUESTION AND
ANSWER
PORTION
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING AND
COOPERATION!