TRANSPORT ECONOMICS

TOPIC: NUTP 2014 – PUBLIC

TRANSPORT
REG.NO: 2180600004
 PUBLIC TRANSPORT

PLANNING FOR MRT:

ROAD  MRT occupies less road space and causes less
pollution per passenger-km and is more
MRT
sustainable.
RAIL  Planning need to be suit the city requirement of
next 30 years.
 Central govt would promote investment in PT as
MINI-BUSES well measures to make PT more attractive such
PARA- as:
PUBLIC TRANSIT  MEASURES:
TRANSPORT TEMPO • State capitals and cities with population >
1million for MRT network.
• < 1million – MRT & mix buses of various
sizes.
AUTOS
• Integrated operation plan which will be
reviewed for every 5 years.
PERSONALIZE
TAXIS
D PT  INVESTMENTS:
• PROVIDE 50% FOR PREPARING OF
CYCLE CCTPs AND DPR.
RICKSHAW • Offer equity participation and VGF extant
of 20% of capital cost.
 TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES EXAMPLES USEFUL FOR

Heavy rail systems- • Very high carrying • Very high capital cost Singapore, • Very high density
underground, capacity. • High per unit Tokyo, Hong corridors
elevated or at grade • High speed operating costs. Kong • Well suited for
• Very low pollution in densely populated
operations cities
• Needs very little urban • Very good for
space suburban.
Light rail systems • Capital costs are less • Capital cost higher Several cities • Medium density
• Low pollution than bus in north corridors
• Needs less urban space • Carrying capacity is America and • Medium density
than bus based systems more than bus. Europe cities with limited
sprawl.
High capacity bus • Capital costs is low • More polluting Brazil, • Medium density
systems • Low O&M costs • Needs imported fuels Colombia corridors
• More capacity & flexible • Medium density
cities with limited
sprawl.
Electric trolley bus • Higher capital costs • Inflexible San Francisco • All routes suitable
• Non-polluting for buses where
population has to be
low
Normal buses on • Low capital cost & • Low capacity Most cities • Low density
shared ROW OPERATING COST • Polluting around the corridors where
• Highly flexible • Low speed world local population is
not a critical issue.
 WATER TRANSPORT

 It is fuel efficient, environment friendly and cost effective .

 It is to supplement the overburdened rail and congested roads.
 generate employment, economic activities and tourism.
 Government of India would encourage cities to take up projects to develop waterways &
related infrastructure. The three basic steps to be taken by cities to develop waterways
would be:
i.To identify, plan and develop fairway or navigational channel with desired width and depth.
ii. Navigational aids for safe navigation and
iii. Terminals for berthing of vessels, loading/unloading of cargo and for providing interface
with road and other public transit modes.
PT FOR HILL CITIES:
 Constrained by road space due to the nature of the terrain.
 Bus have limited use.
 Modes which can be adopted by hilly cities are cable car system,
funicular rails and inclined elevators.
 GoI would provide financial support to all hill states to develop a
PT system.
STATUS OF MRTS IN INDIA
 MULTI-MODAL INTEGRATED MRT NETWORK
 Multi-modal integration refers to decision making that considers various modes
• walking,
• cycling,
• automobile,
• intermediate public transport
• public transit, etc.
 It will have least cost with best possible financial viability and hence affordability and sustainability.
 Any public transit system is incomplete without intermodal integration.
 The cities/states would also be encouraged to adopt National Common Mobility Card named
‘’More’’ which should be a fare payment medium across different operators, different modes including
parking, toll, etc. in all cities in India.
Measures To Overcome Challenges:
BENEFITS CHALLENGES  Effective operating systems (e.g. through ticketing,
Improved productivity Interchange isn’t integrated time tabling)
And profitability convenient  Land use planning (to create conducive environment)
Greater accessibility Increasing transfer  Planning for conflict free movement and accurate
and mobility frequency and travel time signage with intermodal information.
 GoI would encourage building of transport hubs
Greater transfer Increased traffic flows through financial measures. The TH will provide
convenience at around interchanges slow inter-change between inter-city regional & sub-urban
interchange down traffic circulation services, and the PT system .
 ROLE OF PARA-TRANSIT

 When MRT is inadequate, Para-transit tends to substitute for

MRT. PARA-TRANSIT
 Para transit today is playing an important role in providing
mobility in many Indian cities.
 Para transit has the potential of providing clean mobility, low
emissions and improved safety.
 GoI would support upgrade of the technology of Para-transit and OCCASIONAL EMERGENCY
their regulation as a part of PT. TRIPS TRIPS
Challenges:
 system lacks infrastructure support for its operations.
 Poor maintenance of vehicles spreads pollution and behavior of its drivers.
Measures To Overcome Challenges:
 check is executed on the behavior of its drivers for their indiscipline, violations, disobedience to traffic rules
and regulations.
 Para transit modes should be planned to act as feeder service in cities which have an organized MRT
network .
 Regulation of Para transit modes should be done such that they could be penalized in case of any traffic
violations.
 Training should be imparted to the drivers.
 Proper parking facilities.
Battery Operated Low Capacity Vehicles:
 These are quietly joining the urban pool of slow-moving
transport.
 these are battery operated vehicles, they do not fall under the
category of motorized vehicles.
 Cities would be encouraged to adopt such green e-rickshaws as a SAARTHIS
part of UT and formulate policy to regulate their ownership,
driver’s license, their movement, fare structure, etc.

Regional & Sub-Urban Connectivity:

 An important criterion in suburban and regional transport planning is the trip time and the
level of comfort during travel.
 Average trip time for such travel should be about one hour from origin to destination.
 It should be integrated with the city network for easy dispersal.
 Institutional mechanisms should be put in place to enable this integration.
First And Last Mile Connectivity:
 GoI would support door to door planning in terms of time, cost and convenience to commuter.
 It would involve seven main steps:
i. Footpaths for walk and cycle lanes within about 500 m of stations/stops.
ii. Road access for vehicles within about 3 km of stations/stops.
iii. Feeder service within about 5 km of stations/stops.
iv. Drop off & pick up facilities at stations/stops.
v. Park and ride facilities at stations/stops.
vi. Land use control around stations/stops to avoid congestion at entry/exit.
vii. Design principles that improve pedestrian access to PT systems for all users should include
safety, accessibility, reliability and affordability.

Quality And Pricing Of PT:

 low income group people are main user of public transport system and hence recovery of
operating cost is not satisfactory.
 In the present day context, It helps reduce congestion and air pollution, if users of personal
vehicles can Be persuaded to shift to PT.
 Also, high income group uses it for save in time and comfort more than price if high quality PT
systems are available.
 GoI would encourage the provision of different levels of services – a basic service, with
subsidized fares and a premium service, which is of high quality but charges high fares and
involves no subsidy.
 The cost of providing PT to them need not be subsidized and can be met from the fare
revenues.
Use Of Clean Fuel And Clean Vehicle Technology:
 Petroleum based fuels are most commonly used today, other alternatives such as bio-fuel have been emerging.
 CNG has been adopted in a big way for bus transport in Delhi and some other cities
 Electric, battery-powered, hybrid vehicles have already entered the market for cars, two wheelers and auto
rickshaws.
 GoI would, therefore, encourage research, development, commercialization and implementation of clean
technologies, clean fuel and renewable sources of energy through financial support.
 Statutory provisions would also be introduced requiring all in-use vehicles in a city, including personal motor
vehicles, to undergo a periodic checkup and obtain a specified certification.
 The government of India would also support the establishment of training centers for the staff of such
certification establishments so that there are adequate skilled personnel, both for certification and for
undertaking the required repairs.
 All of these would require that an effective regulatory body be set up to prescribe, monitor and enforce the
adherence of emission and safety standards.