Circle – is a collection of points that have an equal distance

from a certain point which is called the center of the circle.

- is represented by an equation of the second degree
in two variables.

The Equation of the Circle with its center at (h, k) and radius
r is
 x  h
2
  y  k   r2
2

If the center is at the origin the equation becomes

x y
2 2
r 2
Application of Circle in Real Life
 Secant line

radius

diameter

center

Tangent line chord

 Distance between two points

y
B (x2, y2)

y2 –y1
d

A (x1, y1)

x
x2 – x1

d   x 2  x1  2   y 2  y 1  2
Distance from a line to a arbitrary point
y

ax
+ by
+c
=0
d

.
P(x ,y)
1 1

ax 1  by 1  c
d 
a 2  b2
 Example
1. Determine the distance between the two
given points A (3, 5) and B (-4, 4).
2. Determine the distance from the point
(3, 2) to the line 4x – 3y- 5=0.
3. Determine the equation of a circle having
a center at (0,0) and its tangent to line
4x -3y=5.
 Example
4. Determine the equation of a circle having
a
center at O (0,0) and passes through point
(6,2).

5. Determine the equation of the circle with

its center at point (-2, 3) and a radius 4.
6. Determine the equation of the circle
whose center is (5, -2) and which passes
through point (-1, 5).

7. Determine the center and radius of the

following equation of circles.
a. x2 + y2 = 36 d. (x + 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 25
b. 2x2 + 2y2 = 50 e. x2 + (y + 1)2 = 36
c. (x -3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 16
 Position of a point with respect to circle ( x2 +y2 = r2)

The position of point P (a, b) with respect to

circle having a center at O (0,0) and a radius
r.
1. P (a, b) lies inside the circle, if a 2 + b2 < r2
2. P (a, b) lies on the circle, if a 2 + b2 = r2
3. P (a, b) lies outside the circle, if a 2 + b2 > r2
Problem
Determine the value of p if the point lie on a
circle given below.

a. P( -3, p) , x2 +y2 = 25
b. P (p, 1 ) , (x – 3)2 + (y+2)2 = 34
Changing Standard form to General form

Standard form: ( x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2

General form: x2 +y2 – 2hx – 2ky + (h2 + k2 - r2) = 0

 Changing General form to Standard form

General form:
x2 + y2 – 2hx – 2ky + (h2 + k2 – r2) =0
Let D = -2h E = -2k and F = h2 + k2 – r2
Therefore: x2+ y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
2 2
 D  E D 2  E 2  4F
x   y  
 2  2 4

To find the center : ( -D/2, -E/2)

 Problem: Finding the equation of circle given the
center of circle and the tangent line.

Determine the equation of a circle having a

center at O (0,0) and is tangent to the line
4x – 3y = 5.
Problem: Finding the center and its radius given
the equation of circle in general form.

Find the center and radius each of the

following equation of circle.

1. x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0

2. 2x2 + 2y2 + 12x + 4y + 10 = 0

Finding the equation of a circle given the endpoints of the
diameter.

Find the equation of a circle that has point

P ( 1, 8) and Q (5, -6) as the endpoints of a
diameter
Problem: Finding the equation of a circle given the
center and tangent to x or to y axis.

Find the equation of a circle whose center is

(-5, 4 ) and tangent to the x axis.
Problem: Finding the equation of a circle given the

center and tangent to x or to y axis.

Find the equation of the circle tangent to the

y axis and with the center at (5 ,6)
Finding the equation of tangent line

Determine the equation of a tangent line on

a circle having a center at (-3,3) with radius
at point (1,3).

Determine the equation of the tangent line at

( 1, -2) on a circle whose equation is
x2+y2-2x-6y-15 =0.
Finding the equation of a circle passing
through three points.

Example:

Determine the equation of a circle passing

through ( 4, 5), (3, -2) and (1, -4).
Determine the equation of the circle
passing through the three points.

a. ( 1,1 ), ( 1, 3 ), and ( 9, 2 ).
b. ( -4, -3 ), ( -1, -7 ), and ( 0, 0 ).
c. ( 1, 2 ), ( 3, 1 ), and ( -3, -1 ).
Finding the equation of a circle
circumscribed the triangle
Example:

Determine the equation of the circle

circumscribing the triangle determined by
the line: x + y = 8, 2x +y = 14, and
3x +y = 22
Equation of a Tangent line to a
Circle
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent line to

the circle x2 + y2 = 13 at point ( 2, -3).
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent line at point

(1, -2) to the circle (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2=25.
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent to

the circle x2+y2+4x-6y-27=0 at point (4,1).
 Example

Determine the equation of a circle that has a

radius of sqrt (5) and its tangent to the line
x – 2y -1=0 at point (3, 1)
 Example

Determine the equation of a tangent line

which is perpendicular to line x – 3y – 6 =0
on circle x2 +y2 = 25
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent line

with gradient -2 to a circle x2 + y2 = 10.
 Example

Determine the equation of a tangent line on

a circle x2 + y2 = 1 that passes through
point (0,2)
 Example

Determine the equation of a tangent line on

a circle x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y – 4 =0 which form
a 60o angle with the x – axis.
 Circle inscribed in a triangle
Find the equation of the circle inscribed in
the triangle by the lines
L1: 2x – 3y + 21 =0
L2: 3x – 2y – 6 =0
L3: 2x + 3y +9 =0
 Example

Write the equation of the circle tangent to

the lines x + y + 4 = 0 and 7x – y + 4 = 0
and
having its center on the line 4x +3y – 2 = 0.
 Example

Find the equation of a circle passing through

(3, 7) and tangent to the line x – 3y + 8 = 0
and 3x – y =0
 Problem
Find the equation of the circle inscribed in
the triangle by the lines
L1: 2x + y - 9 =0
L2: -2x + y – 1 =0
L3: -x + 2y + 7 =0
Angle bisector
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent line

on circle x2+y2=13 at point (2, -3).
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent line at

point (1, -2) on circle (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 =25.
 Example

Determine the equation of the tangent line at

point (4, -1) on circle x2 + y2 + 6x - 4y -45=0
 Example

Find the equation of the circle passing

through (7, 5) and (3, 7) and with center on
x – 3y + 3=0