By: Engr. Marlon O.

Martinez

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL
• We all produce waste!

• Our way of living greatly affects our waste!

• We alienate ourselves with our waste!

 The primary objective of waste management today
is from
potential harmful effects of waste.
 Solid waste can be classified
depending on their source:

a) Household waste is generally classified

as ,
b) Industrial waste as ,
c) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as
.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
- All types of solid
waste generated
by households &
commercial
establishments,
and collected
usually by local
government
bodies.
Sources of Municipal Solid Waste
: Single and multifamily
dwellings
: Stores, hotels, restaurants,
markets, office buildings
: Schools, government center,
hospitals, prisons
: Street cleaning,
landscaping, parks, beaches, recreational
areas
Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW)
• In some countries the solid wastes
management system also handles human
wastes such as night-soil, ashes from
incinerators, septic tank sludge and sludge
from sewage treatment plants. If these
wastes manifest hazardous characteristics
they should be treated as hazardous
wastes.
- Chapter 21.3 of Agenda 21, Rio de Janeiro, June 1992
(United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,
"Environmentally Sound Management of Solid Wastes and Sewage-
related Issues")
The common content of MSW are:
• food wastes, paper, plastic, textile, metal
and glass,
• with some hazardous household wastes
such as electric light bulbs, batteries, e-
waste, discarded medicines and
automotive parts
Solid Waste Composition
2000

Source: ADB, 2001

Waste Composition

Source: ADB, 2001

Waste Composition
Solid Waste Disposal:
Municipal waste management practices in
the ASEAN region include the following:
• Landfilling / open dumping
• Incineration
• Recycling / recovery
• Composting
Landfills:
• Landfills are generally the cheapest and
most common disposal method for MSW.
• In some developing countries, open
dumping is the common practice, i.e.,
MSW is dumped on swamplands and/or
low-lying areas, which are eventually
reclaimed for development.
Landfills:
The problems associated with landfills,
• health hazard (esp. in open landfills)
• groundwater contamination (leachate),
• gas migration,
• high percentages of organics and plastics
have led to breakouts of fire due to
methane gas generation
• aesthetic implications
Open Dump Sites vs. Sanitary Landfills
 Open Dump Sites vs. Sanitary Landfills

View of Phase 2 wet cell of the Semakau Landfill

Landfills:
There are a number of factors in constructing
sanitary landfills:
• lack of finance,
• land acquisition problems,
• unqualified or non-licensed operators,
• difficulty in acquiring appropriate landfill sites
(NIMBY syndrome),
• unsuitable soil profile.
Incineration:
Another method that is practiced where 90
percent of non-recyclable MSW is
incinerated.
Final disposal of waste is at landfills where
10 percent of non-recyclable MSW is
deposited.
e.g. Singapore has four government-owned and
operated incinerators.
Incineration:
Controversy remains over the soundness of
incineration as a waste treatment
technology because of greenhouse gas
emissions from incinerators.
In the Philippines,
under the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)
of 2000.
 The practice of informal incineration or open
burning as a waste disposal method is banned,
also because of the Clean Air Act 1999 (RA
8749), but is still prevalent.
Composting:
Composting speeds the natural process of
recycling or decomposing organic
materials where microorganisms break
down complex organic matter into
nutritious soil.
- usually by backyard composting,
vermicomposting, Grass-cycling or
Mulching
Composting:
Composting is not well practiced in ASEAN.
A few imported mechanical composting plants
have been installed in Bangkok and Hanoi. But
these are either not working or are not operating
at full capacity:
• Household organic wastes are often collected
for animal feed.
• High operating and maintenance costs
• Poor maintenance and operation of facilities
• Incomplete separation of non-compostables,
• High cost of compost compared to commercial
fertilizers
 Composting:
Some success stories:
Barangay Holy Spirit has
maintained its overall
cleanliness and environmental
sanitation through a successful
Community-Based Solid Waste
Management (CBSWM)
program.

Odiongan Municipality in the

Province of Romblon is
implementing an ecological
solid waste management
program (ESWMP).
3 R’s
Recycling/Recovery:
Recycling involves processing used
materials into new products to prevent
waste of potentially useful materials.
In Year 2001, for instance, about 44.4% of
SW in Singapore was recycled, compared
to about 1% in Malaysia. In the
Philippines the percentage of recycling
and reuse was 12%.
Main Issue in Recycling:

This would include other forms of input like utilization of

new materials, consumption of more energy in transporting
and processing, usability of product.
 Recycling/Recovery:
Phasing-out the
returnable or refillable glass bottles
by recyclable plastic replacements.
Recycled paper bags versus
Washable textile bags.

German car manufacturers are boasting that their

big, fast, luxury limousines are designed to be
recycled.
An Integrated Solid Waste Management Approach:

MICRO SOLUTIONS Min. Envt’l Impact

MACRO SOLUTIONS Max. Envt’l Impact

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

 8 ways to shop smart
tips from The Women’s Environmental Network

One
layer is enough; layers and layers of plastic are
not necessary.
such as household
cleaning products. You’ll only have one container to throw
away and it’s cheaper.
This
is cheaper and cuts down on packaging.
and jars or tins. Cartons and plastic
can be difficult and expensive to recycle.
 8 ways to shop smart
tips from The Women’s Environmental Network

for the products you buy regularly. Save on

money and packaging—ideal for items such as washing
detergents.
which last longer than single
use items. Examples: reusable dish cloths and dusters.
and avoid free
plastic bags. If you say no to plastic bags, supermarkets
might just get the message!
This means that materials can
be used for a second time, reducing our dependence on
raw materials and finite resources.
MAKES RECYCLING EASY
 LESSENS
THE
AMOUNT OF
STUFF THAT
GOES TO
LANDFILL.
MANDATED BY LAW.
RECYCLABLES - TYPES
RECYCLABLES – WHAT TO DO?
 COMPOSTIBLE

TYPES

WHAT TO DO?
RESIDUALS
USE LESS…
DO MORE…
RECYCLING IN SCHOOLS
RECYCLING IN SCHOOLS
RECYCLING IN SCHOOLS
RECYCLING IN SCHOOLS
 GREEN EARTH
Thank you!

RE-USE !

REDUCE !
RECYCLE !