Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
ADMINISTRATION
NRS 108
ESSEC COUNTY COLLEGE
Majuvy L. Sulse MSN, RN,CCRN
Objectives:
Use safe accurate techniques and apply the nursing
process when caring for clients who are receiving blood and
blood products.
Definition of terms
Antigen-substance that elicits an immune
response; mostly proteins (can also be
lipoproteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids.
Antibody-substances produced by the plasma
(300 molecules/sec) secreted into the blood &
other extracellular fluids
Agglutination-a clumping like antibody action that
results from an antibody molecules having at least
two antigen binding sites
Definition of terms cont’d
Recipient
___________________________________
Donor_______A______B______ AB_____0_
A X X
B X X
AB X
O X X X X
Rh Compatibility
An Rh negative person is born without the
antigen and does not form antibodies unless
he or she is spefically sensitized to it.
Sensitization can occur with RBC transfusions
from an Rh positive person or exposure during
pregnancy and birth.
An Rh positive person can receive an RBC
transfusion from an Rh negative donor
Rh negative people MUST NEVER receive Rh
positive blood.
Blood Product Components & Indications
for Usage
Red Blood Cell (RBC)-
administered to
replace erythrocytes lost
from trauma
Erythrocytes lost from
surgical intervention
clinical conditions that result
in destruction or abnormal
maturation of RBCs
Hgb less than 6 g/dL or 6-
plasma products.
FFP volume is about 200 cc is given as rapidly as
the pt. can tolerate while the clotting factors are
viable generally over a 30-60 minute period. Use a
regular Y set or straight filtered tubing.
Nurses responsibilities when Initiating, Maintaining & terminating
A Blood transfusion Therapy
15. Document.
Transfusion Reactions
Clinical signs
Mild reaction with fever and chills or life threatening
like DIC & circulatory collapse
Apprehension
Headache
Chest pain
Tachycardia/tachypnea
Hypotension
Hemoglobinuria
Acute Reactions cont’d.
Febrile Reactions
Caused by leukocyte incompatibility
Clinical signs
Sensation of cold
Tachycardia
Fever
Hypotension
Tachypnea
Acute Reactions cont’d
Allergic reactions
Results from sensitivity to plasma proteins of the donor
or history of allergy
Antihistamines ( Epinephrine/corticosteroids) are used to
prevent reaction
Washed RBCs are given for those with history of allergy
Signs:
Urticaria
Itching
Bronchospasm or anaphylactic reactions
Acute Reactions cont’d
Circulatory overload
Occurs when blood product is administered too
quickly
Cardiac or renal insufficiency and older population
at risk
Signs:
Hypertension
Bounding pulse
Dyspnea
Restlessness
confusion
Acute Reactions cont’d
Bacterial transfusions reactions (Sepsis)
Blood products infected from improper handling and
storage
May cause bacteremia or septic shock
Cardiac arrythmias
Citrate toxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Delayed transfusion Reactions