PERSONALITY

DEFINITION

Personality may be understood as the characteristic pattern of

behaviour and modes of thinking that determine a person’s
adjustment to the environment.
-Hilgrad, Atkinson and Atkinson

In simple words,
The collective pattern of behavioral, temperamental, emotional,
and mental traits of a person to determine how people adjust to
the environment and how they react in specific situations.
Elements of Personality
Represents distinctive traits.
Integrating and Organizing agent between
physiological and psychological facets of an individual.
Unique in nature.
Becomes habitual to the person.
Results into action behavior in relation to a person,
organization or situation.
Types of Personalities
Outer Personality Inner Personality
 Features

INNER PERSONALITY OUTER PERSONALITY

way of Thinking  Behaviour
Nature  Style
Inner Purity  Dressing sense
Selection  Outer appearance
DIFFERENCE
Outer Personality Inner Personality
Related to Physique. Related with Mind & Soul.
Easy to change. Difficult to change.
Diminish with time. Enlightens with time.
Reflects in behaviour. Reflects in Nature.
eg. Amitabh Bacchan eg. Mahatma Gandhi.
 SHAPING UP FACTORS
HEREDITY
Transmission of Qualities from ancestor to descendent.
Example:- Physical stature, facial attractiveness, temperament,
muscle composition etc.
BRAIN
ESB research indicated better understanding of human
personality and behaviour might come from study of brain.

TEMPERAMENT
Degree to which one responds emotionally also contributes
in developing personality.
 PHYSICAL TRAITS
Individual’s external appearance may have a tremendous effect
on his personality.

FAMILY FACTORS
Family influences the behaviour of a person especially in the
early stages. The nature of such influence will depend
upon following factors.
1.Socio-economic level of family
2.Family size
3.Birth order
4.Religion
5.Parents education level
6.Geographic location
 MOTIVES
Motives are the inner drives of the individual, represent goal-
directed behaviour of individual.
SOCIAL FACTORS
Development of individual’s personality is also influenced by
social factors.
For ex:-Influence of social status on individual perception
about self, others, work, money etc.
SITUATIONAL FACTORS
Demand of different situations may call for different aspects of
one’s personality.
For ex:- Versatile behaviour
 TRAITS OF PERSONALITY
A personality trait can be defined as “an enduring attribute of
a person that appears constantly in a variety of situations.”

Trait Theory makes certain fundamental assumptions.

Traits distinguish one personality from another.
Individuals can be described in terms of construction of
traits such as affiliation, achievement, anxiety, aggression
and dependency.
 Difference in personality and behavior between two
individuals is assumed to be the result of differences in the
amount of each trait each person has.
 BIG FIVE TRAITS MODEL
Premise: Personality can be efficiently described with five relatively
independent trait dimensions which are valid predictors of
certain behaviors in the workplace.
Openness to experience

Emotional Stability Conscientiousness

Extroversion Agreeableness
 CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
> A high conscientious person focuses on a single or a few
goals at one time.
> Likely to be organized, systematic, careful, thorough,
responsible, self-disciplined, and achievement-oriented.

EMOTIONAL STABILITY
> It focuses on an individual’s ability to cope up the stress.
> Individual with positive emotional stability tends to be calm,
enthusiastic, secure and happy.
 AGREEABLENESS
> Refers to a persons’ ability to get along with others.
> People value harmony more than they value having their say
to their way.
> cooperative, warm, caring, good- natured, courtous and
trusting.

EXTROVERSION
> reflects a person’s comfort level with relationships.
> Extroverts are sociable, talkative, assertive and open to
establishing new relationships.
 OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE

> Addresses one’s range of interests.

> Extremely open people are fascinated by novelty and
innovation.
> More keen to listen to new ideas and to change their own
ideas, beliefs, and attitudes in response to new information.
 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
 Personality continue to develop throughout the
lifetime. Specific traits change at different rates
and to different degrees.

Some personality traits seem to remain constant

throughout a person’s life, while others undergo
dramatic changes.
 Personality Development
Personality development is more obvious
during childhood, when people are experiencing
rapid physical, emotional, and intellectual
growth.
At adulthood, personality traits change at a
slower rate. However personality development
varies form individual to individual.
 In an organization, training and development
programmes play a important role in affecting
employees’ personality.
INFLUENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

Authoritarianism
> Refers to belief that there should be status and power
differences among people in organization.
> Authoritarians are,
^ rigid in their positions.
^ place high moral value on their beliefs.
^ strongly oriented towards conformity to rules &
regulations.
> Naturally prefer stable and structured work environments,
governed by clear rules and regulations.
 Machiavellianism
> This trait is also known as ‘Mach’.

> High Mach is pragmatic,maintains emotional distance.

> High Mach manipulate more, win more, persuaded less

and persuade others more.

> Flourish when direct interaction takes place rather

indirect.

> High self confidence and high self esteem, subsequently

more cool,calculating, carry less hesitation.
 Introversion and Extroversion

> Both terms are associated with an individual’s sociability

and interpersonal orientation.

> Extroverts are gregarious and social individuals while

Introverts are shy, quiet, and retiring.

> Extroverts are fit for positions, require interaction with

others while introverts are fit for positions, require proper
thought and analytical skills.
 Self-Concept and Self-Esteem

> Self concept is the way individuals define themselves as to

who they are and derive their sense of identity.

> Self esteem denotes extent to which they consistently regard

themselves as capable, successful, crucial and worthy.

> High self esteem ones take on challenging goals and

contribute significantly to organizational goals.

> Low self esteem ones are more susceptible to external

influence than high esteem ones.
 Locus of Control
“ This term means, whether people believe that they are in control of
events or events control them.”

Internal Locus of Control External Locus of Control

 People Control and shape the
course of events themselves.
Greater control over behaviour.
 More active in seeking the
information to make decisions.
 More active socially.
 More independent and less
susceptible to influence of others.
Events occur by chance due to
uncontrollable factors.
Less satisfied with job, higher
absenteeism rate.
Feel influence of outside forces
in their life & are at mercy of
destiny, chance or other people.
More interested in Job security
than career advancement.
THANKS