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SIMPLE STEAM

POWER PLANT
INTRODUCTION
• Use of steam power
started when it was first
used in locomotive by
James Watt.
• Steam power is used to
rotate the prime mover
of electric generator and
it is known as steam
power plant.
• In this process heat energy is
converted into mechanical
energy and then to electrical
energy through turbine
generator system heat
energy maybe obtain by
proper combustion
commercial fuel such as coal,
gas, oil etc..
• Steam power plant are
also called thermal
power plants. Prime
movers of steam plant
maybe operated either in
non-condensing or
condensing.
• In non-condensing
operation steam is
exhausted from the
prime movers and
discharged at
atmospheric pressure or
greater than that.
• Whereas in condensing
the steam is exhausted
into a condenser in
which pressure is less
and steam is converted
to water.
THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF
STEAM FLOW
RANKINE CYCLE
RANKINE CYCLE: ACTUAL
CYCLE
LAYOUT OF STEAM POWER
PLANT
MAJOR
COMPONENTS
AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
BOILER
COAL MILLS
BOILER FEED PUMP
ECONOMIZER
STEAM TURBINE
AIR PREHEATER
SOOT BLOWER
CONDENSER
COOLING TOWER
SUPER HEATER
TURBO ALTERNATOR
ALTERNATOR
COOLING SYSTEM
• There are two methods
of cooling systems, open-
circuit and closed-circuit
method.
PROTECTION TURBO
ALTERNATORS
• Faults in the windings
protection
• Overload protection
• Over heating of windings
and bearings
• Over speed protection
• Loss of excitation
protection
• Motoring operation
protection
• Inadvertent energisation
• Single phase or
unbalanced current
protection
• Out of step operation
protection
• Sub-synchronous
oscillations protection
• Earth fault protection
EXCITATION
SYSTEM
• Excitation system
control the terminal
voltage of generator and
reactive power
generation, it also
responds to system
disturbances.
• The excitation system
can be categorized based
on the supply given such
as DC excitation AC
excitation and static
excitation
GOVERNING
SYSTEM
• Governing is the
procedure of monitoring
and controlling the flow
rate of steam into the
turbine with the
objective of maintaining
it’s speed of rotation as
constant.
Some of the governing
methods are:

• Nozzle governing
• By pass governing
• Flyball speed governing
ADVANTAGES
• The fuel used is quite
cheap
• Less initial cause as
compared to other
generating plants
• It can be installed at any
place irrespective of the
existence of coal
• The coal can be transported
to the site of the plant by the
rail or road
• It require less space as
compared to hydro power
plants
• Cost of generation is less
than that of diesel power
plant
DISADVANTAGE
• It pollutes the
atmosphere due to
production of large
amount of smoke and
fumes
• It is costlier in running
cost as compared to
hydro electric plants
• Transportation of fuel is
one of the major
difficulties for the plants
located away from coal
fields
• Life of the plant is hardly
3 to 4 decades compared to
hydro plant ( 1 to 2
centuries ).
MGA GAGO
SALAMAT

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