Final year Project on

CHANNEL ESTIMATION & EQUALIZER DESIGN FOR OFDM

Under the Guidance of : Prepared by:

Mrs. Shalini Singh Deepak Sadanand Khurana

Madhusudan Tyagi
Dept. of Electronics and Comm. Mohit Bhandari
Engineering Navnit Singh
 Contents

• Area of Work
• Milestones Achieved
• OFDM
• Transmitter and Receiver of OFDM
• MATLAB
• MATLAB System
• MATLAB Functions
• MATLAB Toolboxes
• Communication and Signal Processing Toolbox
• Key Features of Communication and Signal Processing Toolbox
• Tentative Schedule Ahead
 Area of Work

To study & analyze channel estimation techniques

and equalizer designing techniques for OFDM
system.
To propose a suitable channel estimation technique
and then compare its performance with the existing
techniques.
 Milestones Achieved

Sep’2010 - Study of Project

Oct’2010 - Study of Software

 OFDM

 OFDM is a special form of multicarrier transmission where

all the subcarriers are orthogonal to each other to reduce ISI
and frequency-selective fading.
edutil p mA

Frequency
 Transmitter and receiver of OFDM signal

X(k) x(n)
S(t)
Input Channel
CP
data coding & S\P IDFT P\S D\A
insertion
modulation

Channel
h(t)

AWGN
n(t)

Y(K) y(n)

Channel
Output CP
data decoding & P\S DFT S\P A\D
Deletion
demodulation r(t)
 MATLAB

MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It

integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use
environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar
mathematical notation. Typical uses include:

• Math and computation

• Algorithm development
• Modeling, simulation, and prototyping
• Data analysis, exploration, and visualization
• Scientific and engineering graphics
• Application development, including graphical user interface building
It would take a fraction of the time then actually required to write a program in
a scalar non interactive language such as C or Fortran.
 MATLAB System

The MATLAB system consists of five main parts:

Development Environment

This is the set of tools and facilities that help you use MATLAB functions and
files.

(It includes the MATLAB desktop and Command Window, a command history, and
browsers for viewing help, the workspace, files, and the search path).

The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library

This is a vast collection of computational algorithms ranging from elementary

functions like sum, sine, cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more sophisticated
functions like matrix inverse, matrix eigen values, Bessel functions, and fast
Fourier transforms.
 MATLAB System

The MATLAB language.

This is a high-level matrix/array language with control flow statements,

functions, data structures, input/output, and object-oriented programming
features.

Handle Graphics

This is the MATLAB graphics system. It includes high-level commands for two-
dimensional and three-dimensional data visualization, image processing,
animation, and presentation graphics.

The MATLAB Application Program Interface (API).

This is a library that allows you to write C and Fortran programs that interact
with MATLAB.
 MATLAB Functions

Scalar Functions

sin trigonometric sine Matrix Functions

cos trigonometric cosine
exp exponential
log natural logarithm
abs absolute value
sqrt square root
Vector Functions
max largest component
min smallest component
length length of a vector
sort sort in ascending order
sum sum of elements
prod product of elements
eye identity matrix
zeros matrix of zeros
ones matrix of ones
diag extract diagonal of a matrix or create
diagonal matrices
triu upper triangular part of a matrix
tril lower triangular part of a matrix
rand randomly generated matrix
inv inverse of a matrix
rank rank of a matrix
 MATLAB Functions

Graph Functions Loop Functions:

IF STATEMENT
if relation
plot(x,y) plots x versus y.
statement(s)
subplot create an array of (tiled) plots in elseif relation % if applicable
statement(s) % if applicable
the same window
else % if applicable
loglog plot using log-log scales statement(s) % if applicable
end
semilogx plot using log scale on the x-axis
semilogy plot using log scale on the y-axis FOR STATEMENT
for j=1:4
title(‘____') gives title of graph
j+2
end
 MATLAB Toolboxes

MATLAB features a family of application-specific solutions called toolboxes.

Toolboxes are comprehensive collections of MATLAB functions (M-files) that
extend the MATLAB environment to solve particular classes of problems.

• Communication Toolbox
• Filter Design Toolbox
• Control System Toolbox
• Fixed-Point Toolbox
• Fuzzy Logic Toolbox
• Image Processing Toolbox
• Neutral Network Toolbox
• Signal Processing Toolbox
Communication and Signal Processing Toolbox

Performs signal processing, analysis, and algorithm development

 The toolbox can be used to visualize signals in time and frequency

domains, compute FFTs for spectral analysis, design FIR and IIR filters,
and implement convolution, modulation, resampling, and other signal
processing techniques.

 Algorithms in the toolbox can be used as a basis for developing custom

algorithms for audio and speech processing, instrumentation, and
baseband wireless communications.
 Key Features
of Communication and Signal Processing Toolbox

• Signal and linear system models

• Waveform and pulse generation functions, including sine, square, sawtooth, and
Gaussian pulse
• Statistical signal processing and data windowing functions
• Power spectral density estimation algorithms
• Digital FIR and IIR filter design, analysis, and implementation methods
• Analog filter design methods, including Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Bessel
• Signal transforms, including fast Fourier transform (FFT), discrete Fourier
transform (DFT), and short-time Fourier transform (STFT)
 Tentative Schedule Ahead

Sept,10

Design Docu- Completion

Study Of Circuit
of mentation Of
Project Analysis
TX & RX Project
Thank You…