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Bio - means "Life;“ Techno - means "tools;“ - ology means "the study of."
Definition
• the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products,
•Process by which humans use living things as tools to create new products
• encompasses a wide range of procedures (and history) for modifying living organisms
according to human purposes
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
Blueberry
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
Citrus
Mandarin
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
CROP IMPROVEMENT – Development of Seedless Citrus
(Achievements at CIRAD/INRA – Montpelier France)
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
Created by farmers by artificial selection on wild mustard plants
Source:http//berkely.edu/evosite
Interspecific Hybridization in Citrus
(Orange)
(Mandarin)
(Grapefruit)
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
Tangerine × Orange Tangor
Murcott
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
Tangerine × Grapefruit Tangelo
Minneola
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INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION
Source: Fruit Breeding: Past, Present and Future Dept. of Horticulture, Purdue Univ.
INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION
Apple mango
Apple mango, a famous mango variety of
Africa, which has a hard skin like apple, will be
available in local markets if the experiments at
a few agricultural universities of the state are
successful. It would have the sweetness,
flavour, fragrance of kesar or alphanso and
size, skin and colour of an apple mango of
Kenya.
Levels of Breeding
Primitive Vegetative propagation of unique clones
Mass culture of superior clones
Selection of chance seedlings
Propagation of clonal variants
Conventional Recombination of elite clones
Breeding Interspecific recombination
Backcross breeding
Mutation breeding
Biotechnology Embryo rescue
Paraplast fusion
Marker assisted selection
Transgenic breeding
Biotechnology and Crop Improvement
Plant Cell and Tissue Culture
• Somatic embryogenesis
• Micropropagation
• protoplasts
Note: Using explants such as meristems, rhizomes, leaf bases, flowers, zygotic
embryos
Nontechnical
Legal problems
Consumer resistance
“standard-bred,”
Traditional breeding
Breeding was accomplished primarily by carefully selecting healthy males
and females of any particular chicken or turkey breed and allowing them to
mate.
First, does drinking milk from rBGH-treated cows increase blood levels of
growth hormone or IGF-1 in consumers?
Second, cows treated with rBGH tend to develop more udder infections
(mastitis). These cows are given more antibiotics than cows not given rBGH.
Does this increased use of antibiotics lead to more antibiotic-resistant
bacteria, and is this a health concern for people?
Scientific reviews
In the early 1990s, the FDA and other organizations looked at 3 questions
regarding IGF-1 exposure from rBGH-treated milk. These were:
•How much higher is the IGF-1 concentration in cow's milk produced with rBGH,
compared to that in untreated milk?
•How much of the additional IGF-1 in milk do consumers absorb in an intact,
active form?
•How does the amount of absorbed IGF-1 compare with the amount of IGF-1
normally produced by the human body?