Temperature Measuring Devices

GROUP .09 MEMBERS

1. FARHAN RASHEED
2. YASIR FAREED
3. FEROZUDDIN
4. SAFIULLAH
5. DANIYAL ASGHAR
6. MUHAMMED ARSALAN
 Temperature
 MEASURE OF THE HOTNESS OR COLDNESS OF A SUBSTANCE.
 OR
 TEMPERATURE IS A MEASURE OF THE THERMAL ENERGY IN THE BODY.
 COLDNESS IS CAUSED BECAUSE OF ABSENCE OF HEAT ENERGY.
 HOTNESS IS CAUSED BECAUSE OF PRESENCE OF HEAT ENERGY.
 THE ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE IS VITAL IN EVERY
ASPECT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES INCLUDING
• INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (E.G. MAKING STEEL) MANUFACTURING
• MONITORING (IN FOOD TRANSPORT AND STORAGE),
• HEALTH AND SAFETY.
 TEMPERATURE IS NORMALLY MEASURED IN DEGREES [°]USING
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING SCALES.
• FAHRENHEIT.[°F]
• CELSIUS OR CENTIGRADE. [°C]
• KELVIN .[°K]
Types of Temperature measuring devices

THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEASURING DEVICES.

1. LIQUID PRESSURE THERMOMETER
2. VAPOUR PRESSURE THERMOMETER
3. LIQUID-IN-GLASS THERMOMETER
4. BIMETALLIC THERMOMETER
5. RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR (RTD)
6. THERMOCOUPLE
1. Liquid pressure thermometer.

The insides of the thermo-sensor cylinder,

capillary, and Bourdon tube are filled with
Volatile liquid which changes volume with
varying temperature.

The liquid in the thermo-sensor cylinder is

expanded and contracted as the temperature
changes, and the pressure change in the
Bourdon tube that is transmitted through the
capillary is indicated as a temperature.

The measurement accuracy depends on the dep

th of immersion of the thermometer in the me
dium to be measured.
Range:- 80-400 ℃.
• 2. Vapour pressure thermometer.

The liquid is partially stored in a closed vessels

or container then the space above the liquid will
consist of evaporated vapors of the liquid at a
pressure that depends on the temperature.

As the temperature increases the vapor pressure

in the liquid increases and the temperature of the
material is measured.

Temperature range is from - 20° C to 280° C

depending on the nature of the gas.
3. Liquid-in-glass thermometer
its construction consists of three parts.

1.Bulb: The reservoir for containing most of

the thermometric liquid (mercury).

2.Stem: The glass tube having a capillary

bore along which the liquid moves with
changes in temperature.

3. Scale: A narrow-temperature-range scale

for reading a reference temperature
 THE VOLUME OF MERCURY CHANGES SLIGHTLY WITH
TEMPERATURE; THE SMALL CHANGE IN VOLUME DRIVES THE
NARROW MERCURY COLUMN A RELATIVELY LONG WAY UP THE
TUBE.

 THE SPACE ABOVE THE MERCURY MAY BE FILLED

WITH NITROGEN OR IT MAY BE AT LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE, A PARTIAL VACUUM.
ADVANTAGES:
 SIMPLICITY IN USE & LOW COST.
 PORTABLE DEVICE.
 CHECKING PHYSICAL DAMAGE IS EASY.
 POWER SOURCE NOT REQUIRE.

DISADVANTAGES:
 Can not used for automatic recording.
 Time lag in measurement.
 Range is limited to about 300 °C
•
4. Bimetallic thermometer.

Most common type of thermometer

used in industry to measure temperature
in any locality or field is bimetallic sensor.

There are two basic principles of

operation

A metal tends to undergo a volumetric

dimensional change
(expansion/contraction), according to
the change in temperature.

Different metals have different co-

efficient of temperatures. The rate of
volumetric change depends on this co-
efficient of temperature.
 THE DEVICE CONSISTS OF A BIMETALLIC STRIP OF TWO DIFFERENT
METALS .
 THEY ARE BONDED TOGETHER TO FORM A SPIRAL OR A TWISTED
HELIX.
 BOTH THESE METALS ARE JOINED TOGETHER AT ONE END BY EITHER
WELDING OR RIVETING.
 IT IS BONDED SO STRONG THAT THERE WILL NOT BE ANY RELATIVE
MOTION BETWEEN THE TWO.
ADVANTAGES:
 POWER SOURCE NOT REQUIRED
 EASY TO USE AND CHEAP.
 CAN BE USED TO 500 °C.

DISADVANTAGES:
 Not very accurate.
 Limited to applications where manual reading is acceptable.
 Not suitable for very low temperatures because the expansion of
metals tend to be too similar, so the device becomes a rather
insensitive thermometer
5.Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

 RTD CAN ALSO BE CALLED A RESISTANCE THERMOMETER AS THE

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WILL BE A MEASURE OF THE OUTPUT
RESISTANCE.
 THE MAIN PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF AN RTD IS THAT WHEN THE
TEMPERATURE OF AN OBJECT INCREASES OR DECREASES, THE RESISTANCE
ALSO INCREASES OR DECREASES PROPORTIONALLY.
TYPES:
RTD TYPES ARE BROADLY CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT
SENSING ELEMENTS USED.
 PLATINUM, NICKEL AND COPPER ARE THE MOST COMMONLY USED SENSING
ELEMENTS.
ADVANTAGES:
 VERY HIGH ACCURACY
 EXCELLENT STABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY
 SUITABILITY FOR REMOTE MEASUREMENT
DISADVANTAGES:
 MECHANICAL DAMAGE
 NEED FOR LEAD WIRE RESISTANCE
 EXPENSIVE
 SELF-HEATING ERROR
 CHANCE OF SIGNAL NOISE
 GENERALLY NOT REPAIRABLE
 NEED OF POWER SUPPLY
•
6.Thermocouple

A thermocouple is a simple, and

cost-effective temperature
sensor used in a wide range of
temperature measurement
processes.

It consists of two dissimilar metal

wires, joined at one end.

Thermocouples can provide

measurements over a wide
range of temperatures.
WORKING:
 THE TWO WIRES LEGS ARE WELDED TOGETHER AT ONE END,
CREATING A JUNCTION.
 THIS JUNCTION IS WHERE THE TEMPERATURE IS MEASURED.
 WHEN THE JUNCTION EXPERIENCES A CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE,
A VOLTAGE IS CREATED ALSO THE CHANGE CAN BE MEASURED
BY AN VOLTMETER.