Experiment 100: Pipe Flow

Transport Phenomena Laboratory

By Shelby Green, Nick Nguyen, and Federico Simon

Team 02

QUALITY, GROWTH, DIVERSITY

Content

Assignment Overview

Physical Properties

Turbulent Flow

Laminar Flow

Pump Performance

Conclusion and Recommendations

2 | Experiment 100: Pipe Flow

PICTURES OF APPARATUS FOR EACH MINI EXPERIMENT/ASSIGNMENT

3 | Experiment 100: Pipe Flow

Assignment Overview

The goals of this experiment were to:

1. Model density and viscosity as a function of temperature
2. Evaluate how fluid flows in a pipe
3. Develop a pump performance curve
4. Understand how to operate a piping system

4 | Experiment 100: Pipe Flow

 Physical Properties

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How did we measure the density of the liquid?

Tbath

stirrer
Heating element

50mL calibrated volumetric flask Acculab Model VI

Constant temperature water bath Analytical Balance

6 | Experiment 100: Pipe Flow

Our density measurements for Propylene Glycol and Water (PG-H2O)
were not valid.

Calculated experimental density at each

temperature: Table 1: Determined Mass Fraction of PG-H2O
3
Ttest (°C) Density (kg/m ) mass fraction
23.35 1002.84 0.04
23.9 1000.58 0.03
Using the empirical expression and 24.85 998.66 0.01
coefficient values from a 2004 Sun and 26.2 1006.28 0.08
Teja study, we calculated the mass 27.8 1003.04 0.06
fraction at each temperature: 29.6 999.32 0.03
30.65 997.14 0.02

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We calculated the density of the PG-H2O, assuming the mass fraction
was 0.25.

Table 2: Corrected Density Values for PG-H2O

x 1 = 0.25
Using the empirical expression and T (°C) ρ (kg/m3)
coefficient values from a 2004 Sun and Propylene Glycol + Water
Teja study, we calculated the density at 23.4 1023.0
each temperature: 23.9 1022.7
24.8 1022.2
26.2 1021.5
27.8 1020.6
29.6 1019.7
30.7 1019.1

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Density is dependent upon temperature; As the temperature
increased, the density of the PG-H2O decreased.
Figure 1: Corrected PG-H2O Density vs Temperature

Density vs Temperature
1023.5
1023.0
1022.5
1022.0
Equation: y = -0.5399x + 1035.6
Density (kg/m3)

1021.5
1021.0 • Aden (kg/m3) = 1035.6
1020.5 • Bden ((kg/m3)K) = -0.5399
1020.0
1019.5
1019.0
1018.5
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0
Temperature (°C)

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How did we obtain the density of distilled water (DI H2O)?

Table 3: Experimental Density Values for DI H2O

Tbath (°C) Density (kg/m3)
22.0 995.1
Calculated experimental density at each 22.1 995.2
temperature: 22.6 994.1
23.7 993.7
27.0 991.1
27.9 990.6
29.0 987.2
29.4 990.5
29.7 988.8
30.3 985.9

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Density is dependent upon temperature; As the temperature
increased, the density of the DI H2O decreased.
Figure 2: DI H2O Density vs Temperature

Density vs. Temperature

996.0

994.0

992.0 Equation: y = -0.9101x + 1015.2

• Aden (kg/m3) = 1015.2
990.0
• Bden ((kg/m3)K) = -0.9101
988.0

986.0

984.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

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How did we measure the viscosity of the liquid?

Measured the efflux time (t_e) for the liquid

to travel from point N to point E

Calculated the viscometer constant for each

temperature using an equation from the
viscometer certification of calibration:

Calculated the kinematic viscosity using the

corrected density for PG-H2O and the
Cannon-Fenske Routine experimental density for DI H2O:
Viscometer, size 50

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Measured Kinematic Viscosity values for PG-H2O.

Table 4: Kinematic Viscosity Measurements for PG H2O

Measurement Date T(K) μ (Pa*s) Figure 3: PG-H2O Kinematic Viscosity vs Temperature
Feb. 21 300.15 0.0023 Kinematic Viscosity vs. Temperature
Feb. 21 300.95 0.0022 0.0030
Feb. 21 301.80 0.0021

Kinematic Viscosity (Pa*s)

0.0025
Feb. 21 302.45 0.0021
Feb. 21 303.30 0.0021 0.0020

Feb. 23 296.55 0.0026 0.0015

Feb. 23 297.05 0.0025 0.0010
Feb. 23 298.05 0.0024
0.0005
Feb. 23 299.40 0.0023
Feb. 23 300.95 0.0022 0.0000
296.00 297.00 298.00 299.00 300.00 301.00 302.00 303.00 304.00 305.00
Feb. 23 302.95 0.0021
Temperature (K)
Feb. 23 303.80 0.0021

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Correlated Kinematic Viscosity values with temperature, using the
Andrade Equation:

Figure 4a: Correlated DI H2O Kinematic Figure 4b: Correlated PG-H2O Kinematic
Viscosity values with Temperature Viscosity values with Temperature

Equation: y = 3069.4x – 17.118 Equation: y = 2840.9x – 15.548

• Aden (kg/m3) = -17.118 • Aden (kg/m3) = -15.548
• Bden ((kg/m3)K) = 3069.4 • Bden ((kg/m3)K) = 2840.9

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Density and Kinematic Viscosity are dependent upon Temperature.

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 Turbulent Flow

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title

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 Laminar Flow

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 Pump Performance

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Although measurements mistakes were made, we learned how to
operate a piping system and evaluate how fluid flows through a pipe.

Recommendations:

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