Welcome to

Chemistry
Matter and Its
Properties
Prepared by:
Salugsugan, Jessel R.
 Picture Analysis

1 2

3 4
What Is
 1.1 Particulate Nature of
Matter

• Matter is anything that occupies space and has

mass.
• It is composed of tiny particles called atoms
How many states does matter
have?
 Solid
• It has definite volume and maintain a definite shape.
• It has a strong force of attraction between the
particles.
• It has a little free space between the particles.
• Its particles is closely pack together and rigid.
 Liquid
• It has definite volume but do not have definite
shape.
• It takes the shape of their container.
 Gas
• It has NO definite volume and NO definite
shape.
• It takes the shape of its container
• The force acting on particles is weak that’s
why they tend to move past each other freely.
 Arrangement of Particles in Solid,
Liquid and Gas

Property Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Fixed Not fixed Not fixed
Volume Fixed Fixed Not fixed
Compressibility Cannot be Cannot be Can be
compressed compressed compressed
Arrangement of Rigid and Randomly Apart from
particles tightly arranged each other
packed
Movement of Vibrate Move Move
particles about around each quickly
a fixed other in all
position directions

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

© Oxford Publishing (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1175094-D), 2018 1– 10
 Arrangement of Particles in Solid,
Liquid and Gas

SHS General Chemistry 1 All Rights Reserved

© Oxford Publishing (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (1175094-D), 2018 1– 11
Physical Chemical
Property Property
 • It is a matter that
are perceived by the
senses.
• Can be observed or
measured without
changing the
composition of the
substance.

2 Types
1. Intensive Property
2. Extensive Property
 Intensive Property
• It does not depend on the amount of matter
present or being measured.
Examples:

 Color

 Hardness

 Boiling point

 Melting Point
 Intensive Property

Odor

Temperature

Ductility

Malleability
 Extensive Property
• It depends on the amount of matter present or
being tested.
• It is additive
Example:
 Volume
 Mass
 Size
 Weight
 Length
• Any of the properties of
matter that may only be
observed and measured by
performing a chemical change
or chemical reaction.
• Can not be determined by
touching or viewing a sample
• the structure of the sample
must be altered for the
chemical properties to become
apparent.
• Flammability- the ability of
matter to burn.

• Reactivity- The ability of matter

to chemically combine
with another.

• Ability to rust.
 Classification of Matter
2 ways to classify Matter:

1. According to its physical state:

(Solid, Liquid, Gas)
2. According to its composition: (A
pure substance or a mixture)
Composition
Pure Substance
 Pure Substance

• are homogeneous. They contain

only one kind of element or
compound.
• can’t be separated by physical
means,
• can be classified into elements
and compounds
 Element
• Composed of only one kind of atom
• Can be classified into metals,
nonmetals, metalloids
• Can be found in periodic table
• Examples:
• Hydrogen, Carbon, Flourine,
Aluminum, Sodium, Calcium, Gold
 ELEMENTS

• Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids

- Lustrous in nature - Have dull appearance - Have the properties
(shiny appearance) - Brittle of both metals and
- Malleable - poor conductors of nonmetals
- Ductile heat and electricity - Located between
- Good conductors of - Good insulators metals and
heat and electricity - Mostly exist in gaseous nonmetals forming a
- Mostly are solid, hard, state staircase pattern on
and have high densities - Have low densities the periodic table
 Compound
Composed of two or more kinds of atoms that
are chemically bounded together in fixed
proportions.
Example:
Water (H2O)

• tablesalt (NaCl), Muriatic Acid (HCl)

• Can be classified into acids, base, or salts
 Mixture
It is made up of two
or more substance
which are mixed
together but are not
chemically combined.
It retains it own
properties

2 types
1. Homogeneous
2. Heterogeneous
 Homogeneous
• has only one phase and a
uniform composition all
throughout
 Example
• Sugar water • Dishwashing detergent

• Rain Water •Juice

• The only homogeneous mixture is called
SOLUTION.

Solute
+ Solvent

is the substance to be is the one doing the

dissolved dissolving
Heterogeneous
• Has two or more phases
• Does not have a uniform composition
• One substance can be separated easily from
the other.
Example: Halo-halo, separate candies according
to color, ice in soda, salad dressing
• Can be a colloid or a suspension
 Example
• Halo-halo •Gravel

• Cereal in milk
•Bowl of colored candies
 2 Types
1.Colloid
 Also called colloidal dispersions
 Particles bigger than those of solutions but smaller than
those of suspension
 Evenly distributed throughout mixture
 Remain dispersed with settling at the bottom of the
container
 Appears homogeneous but particles are recognizable
under microscope
 Example: Dust, fog, milk, Marshmallow, blood
 Example
• Jelly •Mayonnaise
Suspension
• it is a heterogeneous mixture in which some
particles remain suspended as can be seen by
the naked eye.
• Heterogeneous mixtures that have particles
bigger than those of colloids
• Contain solid particles which eventually settle
after interacting with a solvent-like phase.
• Example: Sand and water mixture
 Example
• Sand and water
 Separation of Mixtures
Filtration
Sedimentation
Decantation
Sublimation
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
 Filtration
• Methods of separating solids from
liquids that is used not only in
laboratories but also at home
• Requires a filtering medium like
cheesecloth or filter paper (traps the
insoluble substances while allowing
the liquid to pass through)
• Often used to separate insoluble from
soluble water components
• RESIDUE- solid component that
remained on the filter paper
• FILTRATE- clear liquid that was
collected
• Example: Sand and Water mixture
Sedimentation
 Used to separate the components of mixture based
on varying weights
 Heavy suspended particles are allowed to settle at
the bottom of the container
 Followed by decantation (process when liquid is
poured out carefully in such a way that sediments are
not disturbed)
Sublimation

• Solid turns into gas without going

through the liquid stage
Evaporation
• Separating a soluble solid to a liquid or
solvent
• Example: Salt solution
Distillation
• Separation of mixtures through the continuous cycle
of evaporation and condensation of the volatile
components of the mixture, which have different
boiling points.
• Example: Water and Alcohol
 Chromatography
• Simple but efficient technique used to separate
and identify the components of a mixture
• Separation takes place because the
components of a mixture have different
affinities for the two phases: the stationary
phase (material) and mobile phase (fluid)
• Thus, the components move at different rates
through the system.
• Example: black ink of a white board marker
Thank you!