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FAKULTAS EKONOMIKA DAN BISNIS

MAGISTER MANAJEMEN

What Is
Leadership
Communication?
This is an enriched version of Deborah J. Barrett’s Leadership Communication, 4th
Edition. 2014. Mc Graw Hill Education was prepared by Dr. Ardimas Sasdi, MSi.
Discussion Topics

Leadership definitions and


characteristics
Definition of leadership communication
Ways of projecting a positive ethos
Approaches to ethical decision making
 a positive ethos
 Approaches to ethical decision making
Reflective Questions
What does it take to be a leader today?
Who are some individuals seen as
exemplifying transformational leadership?
What role does communication play in
transformational leadership?
How does leadership depend on
communication?
How would you define leadership
communication?
What Do Leaders Do?
Leaders guide, direct, motivate, or inspire others
Leaders are the men and women who:
– Influence others in an organization or in a
community
– Command others’ attention
– Persuade others to follow them or pursue goals
they define
– Control situations
– Improve the performance of groups and
organizations
Leaders connect with others and get results
Leadership is Defined
by Traits and Actions
The traits — key characteristics, personality,
and charisma — leaders possess
1. The tasks they perform
2. The positions they hold
3. The accomplishments they achieve
• Charisma -- compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others or a
special power that some people have naturally that makes them able to influence other
people and attract their attention and admiration.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/charisma;
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/charisma
Leadership Qualities
1. Honesty...
2. Delegate...
3. Communication...
4. Confidence. ...
5. Commitment...
6. Positive Attitude. ...
7. Creativity…
8. Intuition …
9. Inspire …
10.Approach…
Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyaprive/2012/12/19/top-10-
qualities-that-make-a-great-leade Retrieved on January 31, 2017
Leadership Personality
1. Strong but not impolite.
2. Kind but not weak.
3. Bold but not a bully.
4. Humble but not timid (apprehensive).
5. Proud but not arrogant.
6. Develop humor without folly (foolishness).
7. Learn to deal in realities.
Source: http://www.success.com/article/rohn-7-personality-traits-of-a-great-leader.
Retrieved on January 31, 2017

Proud -feeling deep pleasure or satisfaction as a result of one's own achievements,


qualities, or possessions or those of someone with whom one is closely associated.
Arrogant -- having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or
abilities.
Transformational Leaders are
Visionary and Inspirational
Transformational Leaders
Articulate a clear and motivating vision
Inspire trust and respect
Connect with others individually and in groups
Skillfully motivate and guide others to act
Possess a positive ethos (authority and
credibility)
Leaders Rely on Different of
Power to Influence Others
Coercive -- relating to or using force or threats
Reward -- benefits or rewards
Legitimate Power -- recognized title or position
Referent -- personal attractiveness & charisma
Expert -- knowledge, skills, and expertise
Information -- possessing needed information
Connection -- interpersonal and network linkages
Sources: French & Raven (1958). “The Bases of Social Power.” in
Studies in Social Power; Hocker & Wilmot (2013). Interpersonal Conflict.
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Leaders Use all Appeals to Influence Others

Aristotle’s
Persuasive
Appeals Appeal based
on credibility

Appeal
Appeal to
based in
emotions
logic

1-10
Ethos
Logos is an appeal based on the logic of
argument
Pathos is an appeal based on the logic of
emotions
Ethos is an appeal based on credibility or the
perceived character of the sender of the
message: trustworthy, confident, believable,
knowledgeable, integrity.
Note: Kouzes and Posner found credibility is the number
one reason people follow someone. It is essential to create
positive ethos.
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

But a Positive Ethos is Most Important

Positive Ethos
1-12
Positive Ethos
Positive ethos suggests a good character, which
makes leaders more persuasive.
The effectiveness of genuine transformational
leadership is grounded in three pillars: 2.1. Moral
character 2.2. Ethical values, and 2.3. morality of
the processes of ethical choices.
Transformational leaders are judged by how they
treat others, ethics become most obvious when
interacting and making decisions about those
working with and for them.
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Three Primary Methods for


Creating a Positive Ethos
Aristotle argued that a
communicator can create a
positive ethos by
1.Ensuring all messages are
“worthy of belief”
2.Making his/her “own character
look right”
3.Putting the audience into the
“right frame of mind”

1-14
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Ensuring Messages are Worthy of Belief

 Make messages
meaningful, clear,
and logical
 Have all of the facts
in hand
 Be honest and
ethical
 Avoid careless errors

1-15
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Making Own Character Look Right

 Dress the part

 Project confidence

 Know the subject


and be prepared
 Take time to build
a rapport (a close and
harmonious
relationship)
 Avoid common
delivery mistakes
1-16
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Putting Audience in the Right


Frame of Mind
 Affirm cultural values

 Be sensitive to
context
 Understand their
needs and
motivations
 Frame messages
carefully and target
them specifically

1-17
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Leadership Depends on Communication

“Effective leadership is still largely a matter


of communication. . . . An effective leader
thinks about what he says, carefully crafting
each utterance of any significance.”*

Effective leadership depends


on effective communication.

*Axelrod, A. Elizabeth I CEO: Strategic Lessons from the Leader


1-18
Who Built an Empire.
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Communication Seems Simple


Context
Message

Medium

Sender Receiver

1-19
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Interferences Often Prevent


Successful Communication
Message
 Inappropriate context  Unclear message
 No audience analysis  Illogical structure
 Muddled thinking  Poor formatting
 Wrong medium  Offensive tone
 Wrong spokesperson  Cognitive dissonance
 Poor usage or style  Cultural
 Poor timing misunderstandings
 Questionable ethics  Negative ethos

Sender Receiver
1-20
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

What is Leadership Communication?


 Leadership communication is the controlled,
purposeful transfer of meaning by which
individuals influence a single person, a group,
an organization, or a community
 Leadership communication requires using the
full range of communication abilities and
resources to
 Connect positively with audiences
 Overcome interferences
 Create and deliver messages that guide,
direct, motivate, or inspire others to action

1-21
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Leadership Communication Spirals Outward

1-22
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Ethics Consists of Values, Norms, Standards

 From Webster’s:
“A set of moral principles or values”

 From Trevino & Nelson’s Managing


Business Ethics:
Ethical behavior in business is
“behavior that is consistent with the
principles, norms, and standards of
business practice that have been agreed
upon by society.”

1-23
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

The Legal System and Societies Help


Determine Professional Ethics
 The legal system
 Laws and regulations
 International trade agreements
 Contracts
 Tradition, industry, culture
 Professional codes of conduct
 Company codes of ethics
 Policy statements
 Company values statements
 Moral values

1-24
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Standard Approaches to Ethics


Influence Decisions
 End Results (Consequentialist) – focuses on
harms and benefits to stakeholders to produce
greatest good for the greatest number
 Duty (Deontological) – emphasizes duties, rights,
and justice, based on moral standards,
principles, and rules
 Social contract (Group Virtue) – bases decisions
on customs and norms, the character and
integrity of the moral community
 Personal (Individual Virtue) – bases decisions on
the conscience, what feels right

1-25
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Hosmer Provides a Useful Approach to


Ethical Decision-Making

Content Source: L.T. Hosmer. (2003). The Ethics of Management.


1-26
New York: McGraw-Hill.
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Discussion Summary
 Leaders are individuals from all walks of life who
inspire others, transform situations, and bring
about positive changes for their community
 Leaders may call on different sources of power
to influence others and achieve their goals but
all of what they accomplish requires effective
communication
 Leadership communication proficiency begins
with core skills and expands outward to
organizational and broader external abilities
 A positive ethos is a leader’s most persuasive
appeal, particularly if grounded in high ethical
standards and integrity
1-27
Leadership Communication, 4th edition by Deborah J. Barrett

Assessing Leadership Com . Capabilities


Score Capacity area
Ethos/ Image
Audience analysis/strategy
Social media &written communication
Oral communication
Visual communication
Dealing with own feelings
Dealing with others
Cultural communication competence
Team communication and dynamics
Organizational communication
Internal communication
External communication
Terima Kasih
Transformational leaders
Business
• Lou Gerstner (credited for turning around IBM)
• Steve Jobs (revolutionized computer industry)
• Jeff Bezos (top performance CEO)
Politics
• Nelson Mandela (working to abolish apartheid and
enforce change in South Africa)
• Mahatma Gandhi
• Martin Luther King

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