SUBMITTED BY

13C115
13C125
13C212
13C216
14C437
INTRODUCTION
 The first work to be taken before the actual
construction of the building is checking the
dimensions of its boundaries
 The vital boundary stones should be in their positions
 Any difference that may be found regarding front , rear
or side dimensions should be corrected before the
work is started
SITE LAYOUT
 It consists of the layouts of access roads , sheds etc….
ACCESS ROADS
 Access roads are roads by which you can reach the site
 You can get the best access road by examining the site
drawing
 Access roads must be short and easy to be accessed by
lorries and carts so we can transport materials to the
site
SHEDS
 Sheds are used to store cement and other construction
materials nearby the site

 They must be weather proof as materials like cement

should not be exposed to water
SITE CLEARING
 Surface cleaning of grass ,trees ,anthills , hillocks etc…
 Cleaning of obstructions which may be above or below
the ground , such as old foundations , old drainage
works ,soak pits etc…
 These items must be suitably removed and filled by
good earth or sand
ENCLOSING THE SITE
 Enclosing the site is mostly for the safety of builders
and public

 By enclosing it is also prevented from theft

 If the gates are provided they should be wide enough

and it should open inwards
WATER SUPPLY FOR
CONSTRUCTION
 Water is one of the important construction material
 Cost of water must be around 1-2% of the construction
cost
 Storage tank is must
 Ground water may be effectively used if available.If not
we may go for alternative sources
STORAGE TANK
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
 Electrical supply is must for modern era of
construction
 Electrical cables should of good quality and suitably
supported
 Switch boards must be properly enclosed and capable
of being locked
PROTECTION OF EXISTING SERVICE
LINES
 Provision should be made to protect water , electrical
lines etc..Which may be obstructed by the foundation
works

 We should mark all the existing lines so that the

workers can identify
INITIAL CHECKS ON DRAWINGS
 The sum of the intermediate dimensions should
match with those of overall dimensions

 The levels of various constructions such as ground

level with respect to floor level should be clearly
shown in the drawings
INITIAL CHECKS ON DRAWINGS

 Check whether the proposed building will actually fit

into the plot with the mandatory distances specified
by the municipal authority
SETTING OUT OF BUILDINGS
 The first operation is the setting out of centre lines.

 The second operation is the setting out of trenches or

establishing the excavation lines for proceeding with
excavation
SETTING OUT CENTRE LINES FOR
BEARING WALLS
 Step-1:-establish a benchmark.
 Step-2:-mark a base line
 Step-3:-start from the base lines and mark the corner
points of the centre line of walls
 Step-4:-using the corner points , transfer the centre
line to the ground with dry lime by stretching lines
between the pegs
SETTING OUT OF TRENCHES FOR
EXCAVATION OF BEARING WALLS
 Aim of setting out trenches is to mark the direction
and width of excavations and also to mark the width of
the wall to be built
 These are carried out by using pegs
 These are masonry pillars of timber board fixed to the
ground some distance away from the excavation on
which the excavation and wall boundaries can be
marked
SETTING OUT OF TRENCHES FOR
EXCAVATION OF BEARING WALLS
 The centre line wall width and trench width are
marked on the profile board
 The trench width is marked on the ground by the lime
powder after the stretching strings between the profile
boards
SETTING OUT OF A FRAMED
BUILDING
 For setting out the foundation of a framed building
also , we first establish the benchmark and set out the
centre line of columns
 These are usually carried out by a theodolite
 Here a centre point is fixed and the other points are
fixed by using theodolite
METHODS TO DETERMINE THE
DEPTH OF EXCAVATION
 For construction of foundation and sewer set out by
means of sight rails and Boning rod
 In foundation , the construction of the base is to be
levelled and for drain construction ,it is laid to the
required gradient
 It is done by surveying
METHODS TO DETERMINE THE
DEPTH OF EXCAVATION
 Another method that can be used for levelling for
foundation is the use of a water level
 A plastic tube filled with water and it is used as the
water level
 Levelling staff can also be used for levelling
 CONCLUSION
 The procedure of site preparation and setting out of
works is a most important operation as the final
dimensions and sizes of various rooms depends on this
operation