CHAPTER 3

Lesson 6: Musculoskeletal
System
(Skeletal System)
 I. The Bone
II. Cartilages
III. Joints
IV. The Skeleton
• Makes up the framework for the body.
• Provide support and stability.
• Protection of vital organs.
• Allows movement of the body.
• Storage of minerals and production of blood
cells.
 I. The Bone
II. Cartilages
III. Joints
IV. The Skeleton
• Is a rigid body tissue consisting of cells.
• Periosteum – outermost layer and the
membrane of the bone.
• Compact Bone – the tough layer of the bone.
It gives shape and strength to the
bone.
• Spongy Bone – contain spaces and holes that
makes our bone light and flexible.
• Bone Marrow – jelly-like innermost layer. This
is where new cells are produced.
Long Bones – bones of arms, legs, fingers, and
toes. They are cylindrical, long, and hollow.
Short Bones – bones of wrists, knees, ankles,
hands, and feet. They are short, spongy, and
cube-shaped.
Flat Bones – bones of
ribs, shoulder girdle,
pelvic girdle, and the
sternum. They are
thin sheets of bone
tissue with broad
surfaces that enclose
and protect internal
organs.
Irregular Bones – bones
that are of elaborate
shapes. These includes
bones of the vertebral
column and of the skull.
Cartilages are flexible
connective tissues
that cover the end of
some bones. All
bones started from
cartilages. It don’t
have nerves or blood
vessels.
Joints is the place where two bones meet.
Ligaments are fiber-like bands that connects
bones. Joints can be classified as;

1. Immovable or Fibrous joints

2. Slightly movable or Cartilaginous joints
3. Freely movable or Synovial joints
Joints are not capable of movement. It is
sometimes called fixed or suture joint.
Joints that allows
little movements
of the adjoining
bones.
Joints that allows different kind of
movements. The following are the
types of this joint;

a. Ball and socket

b. Hinge joints
c. Pivot joints
d. Gliding joints
Joints that allow greatest range of motion and
in every direction. Hips and shoulders have
this type of joint.
Joints that allow movement in one direction.,
back and forth. The bones in the knees,
elbows, fingers, and toes have this type of
joint.
Joints that allow rotating and twisting
movement. The bones in the neck have this
type of joint.
Joints that are found in the wrist and ankle
which allows gliding of bones over one
another.
 The human skeletal system is divided into
two main parts;
1. Axial Skeleton
a. Skull
b. Backbone
c. Rib Cage
2. Appendicular Skeleton
a. Shoulder girdle
b. Pelvic girdle
c. Upper and lower limbs
SKULL
Made up of 22 bones
divided into cranium that
protects and encloses the
brain, and the facial bones
that makes the structure of
the face. All of this bones
are immovable except for
mandible that allows
chewing and talking.
Backbone
Also known as
vertebral column or spinal
column. It provides support
for the head and the trunk
and protects the spinal cord.
There are 33 vertebrae
divided into five regions.
Rib Cage
Rib cage consists of
sternum or breastbone and the
ribs. There are 12 pairs of ribs
and divided into three groups.
The first 7 ribs are the true ribs;
the next 5 are called false ribs,
which include 2 floating ribs.

It serves as protection for vital

organs, particularly the heart
and the lungs.
Shoulder Girdle
It is formed by four
bones; two Scapulae and two
Clavicles. It provides attachment
of the arm bones to the axial
skeleton.

Scapula or Shoulder blade is

where the arm is attach and

Clavicle or collar bone connects

the sternum and the scapula and
keep the scapula in place.
Pelvic Girdle
Ilium
Much of our weight is
supported by the pelvic
girdle made up of two hip
bones that are fused. Each
hip bone is also made up of
Pubis
three bones namely ilium,
ischium, and pubis. Ischium
Upper Limbs
There are 30 bones in the
upper limbs. They provide attachment
for the muscles of the arms and hands.

Humeros is the longest and largest

bone in the upper limb.

Radius and Ulna are the bones in

forearm.

The wrist and the hand are formed by

Carpals and Metacarpals.

Bones in the fingers are called

Phalanges.
Lower Limbs
There are 30 bones in the
lower limbs. They provide attachment
for the muscles of the legs.
Femur or thigh bone is the largest
bone in the body.
The bone in the knee is called Patella
or knee cap.
The lower leg consists of two bones,
the Tibia and Fibula.
The ankle and the foot are formed by
Tarsals and Metatarsals.
Bones in the toes are called Phalanges.
 The human skeletal system is divided into
two main parts;
1. Axial Skeleton
a. Skull
b. Backbone
c. Rib Cage
2. Appendicular Skeleton
a. Shoulder girdle
b. Pelvic girdle
c. Upper and lower limbs