Kinetic

Energy and
Work
LEMUEL JOHN SESE

lemueljohnsese@gmail.co
m
Energy

• Is a scalar quantity assigned to an object or a

system of objects.

• Can be changed from on form to another.

• Is conserved in a closed system, that is the

total amount of energy of all types is always
the same.
 Kinetic Energy

- is energy associated with the state of motion of an object.

  For an object of mass whose speed is well below the speed of

light,
 

The SI unit of kinetic energy (and all types of energy including

work) is the joule (J), and defined as

 
 Work (Constant Force)
• Is energy transferred to or from an object by
means of a force acting on the object. Energy
transferred to the object is positive work, and
energy from the object is negative work.

(constant force in direction

of straight-line displacement)
 Work (Constant Force)

 If then and we are back to

 Work (Constant Force)

 The definition of scalar product is .

 Work (Constant Force)
  Work (Constant Force)
Example 1
 Work (Varying Force)
•  Consider a one-dimensional motion (along
+x-axis), calculate the work done by a
varying force as the particle moves from
to .
 Work (Varying Force)
 Work (Varying Force)
 Work (Varying Force)
•  If we consider the force to be constant, the
work done will be

 
Work done to stretch a
spring
Work in Three Dimensions
•  Consider a force in three dimension,

in which the components are functions , and .

• Now let the move through an incremental
displacement

• The increment work done on the particle by

during the displacement is,
Work in Three Dimensions
•  The work done by while the particle moves
from an initial to is then
Work-Kinetic Energy
Theorem
•  Consider a block of mass moving through a
displacement directed to the right under the
action of a net force , also directed to the
right.
 Work-Kinetic Energy
Theorem
•  Using Newton’s 2nd Law,

Work-Energy
Theorem
The total work done is the change in the Kinetic Energy.
 Work-Kinetic Energy
Theorem

Work-Energy
Theorem
The total work done is the change in Kinetic Energy.
 Work-Kinetic Energy
Theorem
Example 2