CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,KOTA

MANUFACTURING OF CEMENT

Guide HANUMAN MALAV

Sh. SOURABH ALOK SAO 15EUCCE032
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
 RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING
 CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 ENIRONMENTAL IMPACT
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 CEMENT IS A DRY POWDER WHICH ACTS AS A BINDER
FOR OTHER MATERIALS
 CEMENT IS A MAIN COMPONENT IN CONCRETE WHICH IS
USED TO CONSTRUCT VARIOUS STRUCTURE
 RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
 CALCIUM , SILICON, ALUMINIUM AND IRON ARE THE MAIN
ELEMENT
 TABLE SHOWS THE PROPABLE RAW INGREDIENTS THAT CAN
BE USED
CALCIUM SILICON ALUMINUM IRON

LIMESTONE CLAY CLAY CLAY

CALCITE SAND SHALE IRON ORE

ARAGONITE SHALE FLY ASH MILL SCALE

SHALE FLY ASH ALUMINUM SHALE

SEA SHELLS RICE HULL ASH BLAST FURNACE DUST

TABLE 1 : PROBABLE
CEMENT KILN DUST SLAG
RAW INGREDIENTS FOR
MANUFACTURING OF CEMENT
 RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED
THE BASIC MIXTURE OF CEMENT INDUSTRY
CONSISTS OF
 CHALK
 LIME STONE
 CLAY
 CALCIUM CARBONATE
 SILICON OXIDE
 ALUMINUM OXIDE
 IRON(II) OXIDE
 RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING
 PORTLAND CEMENT IS MOSLTLY USED WHICH IS MADE BY
HEATING LIMESTONE WITH OTHER MATERIALS TO 1450 °C
IN A KILN, IN A PROCESS KNOWN AS CALCINATION.
 CO2 IS LIBERATED FROM CaCO3 TO FORM QUICK LIME (CaO)
 CaO IS BLENDED WITH OTHER MATERIALSTO FORM
CALCIUM SILICATES AND OTHER CIMENTITIOUS
COMPOUNDS
 THE RESULTING HARD SUBSTANCE (CLINKER) IS THEN
GROUND WITH A SMALL AMOUNT OF GYPSUM TO MAKE
ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
 CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
IT IS A TWO STEP PROCESS :
a) MAKING OF CLINKERS
b) MAKING CEMENT FROM THESE CLINKERS
FIRST STEP CAN BE DRY, WET OR SEMI-WET PROCESS
ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF RAW MATERIALS USED.
 CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 WET PROCESS : THIS PROCESS IS MAKE BY CYLINDRICAL
TYPE KILN THE LENGTH FOR IT = 40 TIMES
OF THE SHELL’S INNER DIAMETER IT IS
USING TO HELP DRY THE SLURRY.

FIG 1 : CYLINDRICAL KILN USED IN

WET PROCESS OF CEMENT
MANUFACTURING
 CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 DRY PROCESS :

FIG 2 : LINE DIAGRAM OF KILN USED IN DRY

PROCESS OF CEMENT MANUFACTURING
 CEMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 FINISH PROCESS :
IN THIS PROCESS GYPSUM AND OTHER CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS (BLAST FURNACE SLAG, COAL FLY ASH ETC)
ARE ADDED TO THE CLINKERS AND THEN ALL THESE
CONSTITUENTS ARE GROUND TO FINE & HOMOGENEOUS
POWDER. THIS POWDER IS CALLED CEMENT WHICH IS FIRST
STORED IN SILOS AND THEN PACKED IN BAGS &
TRANSPORTED.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
 LIQUID WASTE IF DISPOSED IN SEWAGE SYSTEM MAY CHOCK
THE PIPES.
 IF DISCHARGED IN WATER BODIES THEN MAY AFFECT THE
AQUATIC LIFE.
 DURING FINISH PROCESS FINE PARTICLES DISPERSE INTO
THE SURROUNDING AIR WHICH ULTIMATELY AFFECTS THE
AIR QUALITY IN THE AREA.
 CONCLUSION

 LIME STONE AND CLAY ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT RAW MATERIALS
FOR CEMENT MANUFACTURING HENCE PLANT SHOULD BE AT A PLACE
WHERE THESE ARE EASILY AVAILABLE.
 99 % RAW MATERIAL IS MINING MATERIAL SO CEMENT MANUFACTURING
IS ALSO CLOSELY CONNECTED TO MINING INDUSTRY.
 ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS RESULTING
FROM THE CEMENT INDUSTRY INCLUDES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CAUSED BY EMISSIONS INTO THE AIR LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL OF SOLID
WASTE.
 REFERENCES

 TABLE 1 : iti.northwestern.edu/cement/monograph/monograph3_3.html
 FIG 1 : Searched on GOOGLE on 20/10/2018
 FIG 2 : Searched on GOOGLE on 20/10/2018
THANK YOU