Geophysics

Data
analysis
Depth
conversion
Simulation

Well
correlation

Well
design Facies
modelling
Property modelling
And Upscaling

Building the Dynamic Reservoir

Model - Introduction
TM4112 Karakterisasi & Pemodelan Reservoir
Dynamic Reservoir Model
 A mathematical model that describes and
simulates the time-dependent flow
processes active in a hydrocarbon reservoir
 The dynamic model combines
 The static model
 Pressure- and saturation-dependent properties

 Near-well, wellbore, and facilities properties

 to calculate production and pressure vs time

Importance
 Static Model
 Model of reservoir at initial conditions
 Insufficient to predict performance or optimize
development
 Dynamic Model
 Models entire life of reservoir
 Can produce reservoir several times under
different operating conditions
 Can optimize reservoir depletion plan
 Steps in Model Construction
 Selection of the model type
 Selection of grid properties:
 Selection of the grid coordinate system and number of
dimensions
 Selection of optimal grid block sizes
 Specification of reservoir properties
 Simplification of reservoir geometry
 Selection of the fluid model and number of phases
 Selection of rock-fluid properties
 Selection of well parameters:
 Selection of the well model
 Specification of well control
 Selection of simulation control parameters:
 Specification of time step size control
 Selection of the numerical solution method
 Initialization
Several of these steps are interdependent making model design an iterative process.

Factors Affecting Model Design

 Objectives of the simulation study

 Quality of the answer needed to satisfy the
project objectives
 Complexity of the reservoir processes to
be modeled including secondary and/or
tertiary recovery processes
 Budget constraints
 Time available to complete the study
Factors Affecting Model Design

 Availability and quality of reservoir data

 Availability and quality of historical
production data
 Capabilities and ease of use of available
simulators
 Capabilities and availability of computer
facilities
Example Model
 Model construction will be illustrated using
the VLE-196 Field as an example.
Location of VLE 196 Field in Block V,
Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela
Base Map for the C4-C5 Reservoir
Simulation Study
Introduction
 VLE-196 field discovered in 1958
 Produced over 200 million STB
 Moderate water drive
 Wells produced with sliding sleeves to
control water production
 About 50 wells completed in the Misoa
sandstones
Objectives
 Characterize the reservoir for modeling
 Identify bypassed and untapped
compartments
 Develop a plan to increase production
rates and reserves