 from the Greek word “oikos”

In Public Administration
- referred to: origin, importance and
impact of Public Administration to the
environment in which it operates
- in effect, the influence of all natural ,
historical, political , economic , socio-
cultural, religious and other factors that
contribute to the success of Public
Administration
 Professor of Political Science at
the University of Wisconsin
 First to stress the importance of
Ecology in explaining the
administrative behavior
( Birth of Ecology in PA)
 Plans, Programs, Policies and Design of
Public Administration is influenced by
factors concerning the physical
environment or ecology.
 Merging public administration with the
concept of ecology helps in
establishing a more novel way of
conducting things and is actually
related to the concept of change.
 Sterling Professor of Political
Science
 Stressed the need for cross
cultural studies that emphasizes
on environment effects of
administrative structure and
behavior
 Advance and popularized the study of
administrative systems institutions and
their relationships with the larger society
 The environment is a key factor to be
considered in the study of PA because
it helps and administrator have a wider
knowledge in terms of application and
operation of PA within the peculiarity of
environments and society.
 Professor at Indiana University
 Made a thorough application of
the ecological approach of PA
 Made a significant contribution
 Develop the ecological concept
based on his studies in Thailand,
Philippines and India.
1. Culture and Administration
2. Public Administration as an environment
of Public Administration
3. Demography of Public Admisnitration
4. Ideology and Administration
5. Social and Physical Technology
6. Politics and Administration
7. Public and Private Administration
 Ideology
 Belief system, elaboration, close-
woven and arranging structure of
attitude
 Set of conscious and unconscious
ideas that constitute one’s goals,
expectations and actions
 Set
of values and principles that
determine and guide a person’s
behavior.
 Technology is generally perceived
as the total of all mechanisms and
methodologies employed to ensure
convenience and comfort of man
and society
Discoveries and scientific
advances
Policies
Social Interventions
Social Institution
Transportation and
communication revolution
 Politics is the study or practice of
the distribution of power &
resources in a country
 Politics refers to the formulation of
policies as expressions of the
collective will of the society
 Administration refers to the
implementation of the policies
 Separation of powers is either
absolute or interrelated
 It is a government service or
private business venture which is
funded and operated through a
partnership of government and
one more private sectors
 Private sector is the part of the
economy which is run by private
individuals or groups, usually as means
of enterprise for profit and is
controlled by the state.
 PPPs ( Public-Private Partnerships) –
are contractual arrangements
entered into by Government with the
public sector
THANK YOU VERY
MUCH