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6 February 2009
Dr Marion Palmer
Senior Scientist
Lovells Science Unit
http://www.nation
alinsectweek.co.u
k/resources/buzz
_ant_06.pdf
• 3mm
http://commons.wiki
media.org/wiki/File:D
rosophila_melanoga
ster_-
_front_(aka).jpg
www.nanotec.org.uk/report/chapter2.pdf
• 8 µm
• 400 µm
http://www.molbio1.princeton.edu/facility/confocal/sem/imagelist1.html
www.mta.ca/dmf/blood.htm
Lovells LLP www.lovells.com
Nanometre scale (1 µm = 1000 nm) – viruses &
DNA
• 50 – 100 nm • 2 nm
www.answers.com/topic/virus
http://www.gala-instrumente.de/images/deben_CCD_DNA.jpg
Lovells LLP www.lovells.com
Nanostructures
• Nanoparticles
http://www.nanopicoftheday.org/2003Pics/QDRainbow.htm
http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/update/quantumdots.htm
• Non-carbon nanotubes
http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/05nano_image_gallery.htm
• Nanowires
• Biopolymers
• Dendrimers
2 cm cube has
• As objects get a surface area
of 24 cm2 and a
smaller they have a volume of 8 cm3
(ratio = 3:1)
much greater
surface area to
volume ratio
10 cm cube has a
surface area of 600
cm2 and a volume of
1000 cm3 (ratio =
0.6:1)
http://www.omicron.de/index2.html?/re
sults/spin_polarized_tunneling_induce
d_luminescence_microcopy_sp_tilm/in
dex.html~Omicron
Lovells LLP www.lovells.com
Applications
• Antibacterial effect of silver
•http://ion.asu.edu/cool66_IC2/cool66_ic_thumb.htm
Lovells LLP www.lovells.com
Applications
• Sunscreens and cosmetics
• Catalysts • Food
– Envirox™ cerium oxide – packaging
• Nanoremediation • Paint
– SAMMS technology to remove – improved adhesion and anti-
mercury fungal qualities/anti-graffiti
• Paper • Clothes
– photographic paper – non-staining and anti-radiation
• Filters • Batteries
– nanofibres – (Black & Decker) phosphate
• Toothpaste nanocrystal technology
– to remineralise teeth • Cleaning products
• Enormous potential
• Absence of regulation
• “Grey goo”
• Small size may result in particles passing into the body more easily
(inhalation, ingestion, absorption)
http://www.nano-lab.com/nanotube-image.html
• Desirable product
http://www.tennis.com/yo
urgame/gear/racquets/babo
lat/babolat.aspx?id=56932
Lovells LLP www.lovells.com
Potential applications of carbon nanotubes
Materials & Chemistry Electronics & ICT
- Ceramic and metallic CNT composites - Lighting elements, CNT based field
emission displays
- Polymer CNT composites (heat - Microelectronic: Single electron transistor
conducting polymers) - Molecular computing and data storage
- Coatings (e.g. conductive surfaces) - Ultra-sensitive electromechanical sensors
- Membranes and catalysis - Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
(MEMS)
- Tips of Scanning Probe Microscopes
(SPM) Energy
- Hydrogen storage, energy storage (super
Medicine & Life Science capacitors)
- Medical diagnosis (e.g. Lab on a Chip - Solar cells
(LOC)) - Fuel cells
- Superconductive materials
- Medical applications (e.g. drug delivery)
- Chemical sensors
- Filters for water and food treatment
– Some coated CNTs appear to move freely throughout the body (mice) whereas
others are rapidly excreted
2. Development risks
• what is "discoverable"?
• Relative responsibilities
• innovators
• other suppliers
• regulators
• Duties to research/test/investigate/inquire