Genu Varum and Genu Valgum

DEFINITION

a condition where the tibia is curved a condition where the knee

laterally so that the child's feet are separation occurs when the feet are
shaped like the letter o joined so that the feet are x-shaped
 ETHIOLOGY

GENU VALGUM : GENOVARUM

There is a disruption of leg bone growth
resulting in a shift in the mechanical axis achondroplasia
of the foot. blount disease
ricketsia
The wrong way to carry, the child metabolic
encircles the mother's body at an angle of obesitas
90.

The wrong sleeping position is on his

stomach like a frog.

Use disposable diapers in inappropriate

time and manner, especially when
children learn to walk.

After trauma.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
GENOVARUM
in children aged 2 years, this event
is physiological. but if it occurs in
children older than 2 years, the tibia
bone shifts laterally. The medial
femoral condyle and the medial
platella of the tibia will be
pathologically burdened - the
heuter volkman effect will inhibit
the ossification of the epiphyses ---
the ligaments become weak and the
joints unstable
GENUVALGUM
occurs when the child's sleeping and
sitting position is wrong. such as how
to sit with the knees facing forward,
the femur inward and the hind legs
facing outward, resulting in femoral
torsis, the collateral ligament collapse
of the knee joint. giving rise to an
excessive burden on the femur and
lateral tibia --- the heuter volkman
effect --- inhibits bone expansion ---
inhibits growth
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
GENUVALGUM
1. Both knees get closer
2. Loose in the knee ligaments
3. Changes in gait
4. Pain due to strains on the
patellofemoral extensor
5. Bad looking
6. Display of the knee valgus
15(angulation of the knee bent toward
the medial line)
7. The body looks sho
GENOVALGUM
1. Both knees away from the medial direction
2. Flexion, abduction, and external rotation of
the hip, and internal tibial torsion (proximal)
3. Mild foot supination
4. Curvilinear appearance is a torsional
combination of external rotation of the hip
(tight posterior capsule)
5. Physiological arising at or below the knee
and symmetrical
6. Display of knee varus <11 (knee angulation
positioned away from the linea mediana of
the body)
7. Occurs since the baby starts to be able to
stand and walk alone
8. When both children's ankles are held in
contact with the medial maleos, there is a
gap between the medial femoral condyle and
the distal femur
Physical Examination

• Pay attention to the knee when walking whether there is lateral thrust
or medial thrust.

Laboratory Examination

1) Calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphate, creatinine, and hematocrit.

2) PTH
3) 25-hydroxy vitamin D
4) I-25-dehydroxy vitamin D
 THERAPY
• if it occurs in children under
the age of 2 years, it is enough
to be observed.

• Brace treatment
in children aged 2.5-5 years
who have a high risk for
experiencing blount disease.

• Knee ankle foot Orthosis

Before age 3, knee-ankle-foot-
orthosis (KAFO) is used for 23
hours a day. The bones will be
straightened with braces,
orthotics are replaced every two
months or so to improve the
bowlegged position (O leg)