Draw the free body diagram

• Book at rest on table

• A rightward force is applied to the box in order
to move it across the table with rightward
acceleration. (ignore air resistance)
• A box on the table Moving to the right at
constant velocity (ignore air resistance)
• Sky diver is descending at constant velocity
• An egg free falling from the nest.
 Resultant forces with an angle
• Two forces are acting on an object. One force
has a magnitude of 10N and the other force
has a magnitude of 8N. The angle between
the two forces is 30 ֯ . Find the resultant
vector.
• A force of 280N and 320N are acting on a
object . There is an angle of 20 ֯ between the
forces . Calculate Resultant force.
 Newton 1St Law

Resultant or net force =0

• Every object continues in its state of rest or

uniform motion in a straight line unless a
resultant force acts on it to change its state
 Newton 2nd law
When Resultant/Net force≠0
• When a resultant force acts on an object of
constant mass , an acceleration will result with
the product of its mass and acceleration equal
to the resultant force, the direction of the
acceleration being in the same direction as
that of the resultant force.
F=(m)(a)
w=(m)(g)
• A boy pushes a box of mass 20kg with the
force of N. What is the acceleration of the
box? (Assume no friction)
• A car of mass 1000kg accelerates from rest to
20ms-1 in a time of 5s. Calculate the forward
thrust of the car. (Assume no friction)
 Newton 3rd law
• Forces always occurred in pair. These forces
are called action force and reaction force .
• Action and reaction are equal in magnitude
• Action and reaction act opposite to one
another.
• Action and reaction act on different bodies.
Frictional force
• The sliding frictional force between the box of
mass 4kg and the floor is 15N. It is pushed
across the floor with a constant force such
that it accelerates at 0.8ms-2
• What is the force applied to the box
• If this same force calculated in (a) is applied to
the box which is now placed on a frictionless
floor what is the new acceleration produced
 Inertia
• Property of a mass which resists change from
its state of rest or motion.
 Gravitational field strength
• Is defined as gravitational force acting per unit
mass on an object . On earth the gravitational
field strength is 10Nkg-1
 Centripetal force
• The force that is responsible for an object to
move in a circle.
 Factors on which centripetal force
depends
Centripetal Force = mv 2
r
Where
m is the mass of the object moving in circle
v is the velocity of the object moving in circle
And r is the radius of the circular path
Here the centripetal force is provided
by the tension in the wire

Here the centripetal force is provided

by the frictional force between tyres
and road

Here the centripetal force is provided

by the gravitational force of earth
Effect of forces
 Momentum
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity
of a body.
It can be defined as mass in motion
Momentum = Mass × Velocity
There is no momentum when the object is
stationary i.e. not moving
 Impulse
The effect of force depends upon two things
• The magnitude of force
• The time for which the force is acting

We call this effect the impulse

Impulse = Force × time
Relation between Impulse and
Momentum

Impulse = Change in momentum

Law of conservation of momentum
• In a closed system the total momentum
before the event is equal to the total
momentum after an event
• A van with the mass of 2000kg is travelling at
30 m/s. It collides with a stationary car with
the mass of 800kg. Bothe van and the car
continue moving together .Calculate the
velocity of the van and car together.
 Measuring Weight
• Spring Balance
 Hooks law
• Extension is proportional to the stretching
force within the elastic limit of the object.
• Mathematical relation
 Friction and forces
• Thread of the tyres
Thinking distance and Braking distance
Turning effect of force
Perpendicular distance
Effect of turning effect of force
Clockwise/anticlockwise moments
Law of moments