Data Management

Data Presentation
Data Interpretation
Normal Distribution
Correlation
Linear Regression
 Statistics

Review of Terms of Statistics

 Statistics

Descriptive

Review of Terms of Statistics

 Statistics

Descriptive Inferential

Review of Terms of Statistics

 Statistics

Descriptive Inferential

•Describe
• Collection
• Presentation

Review of Terms of Statistics

 Statistics

Descriptive Inferential

•Describe •Conclusion
• Collection •Analysis and
• Presentation Interpretation

Review of Terms of Statistics

Statistics
Statistics
Statistics Data

DATA
Statistics Data Population

DATA
Statistics Data Population

Sample

DATA
Statistics Data

DATA
Statistics Data

QUALITATIVE

DATA
Statistics Data

QUALITATIVE

DATA
Statistics Data

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

DATA
Statistics Data

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

DISCRETE

DATA
Statistics Data

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

DISCRETE CONTINOUS

DATA
Statistics Data

SOURCES OF DATA
Statistics Data

PRIMARY

SOURCES OF DATA
Statistics Data

PRIMARY

SOURCES OF DATA
Statistics Data

PRIMARY SECONDARY

SOURCES OF DATA
 Nominal

Level of Measurements
 Nominal
 Ordinal

Level of Measurements
 Nominal
 Ordinal
 Interval

Level of Measurements
 Nominal
 Ordinal
 Interval
 Ratio

Level of Measurements
 Data are used to identify, classify or
categorize.

Nominal
 Data are used to identify, classify or
categorize.
 It is can be qualitative or quantitative
information

Nominal
 Data are used to identify, classify or
categorize.
 It is can be qualitative or quantitative
information.

Nominal
 Data are used to identify, classify or
categorize.
 It is can be qualitative or quantitative
information.
 The numerical value is meaningless.

Nominal
 Data that shows ranking, order or
sequence.

Ordinal
 Data that shows ranking, order or
sequence
 It can be also used to categorize or
classify

Ordinal
 Data that can serve the purpose of
nominal and ordinal

Ratio and Interval

 Data that can serve the purpose of
nominal and ordinal
 Both of these can measure the degree of
difference between subjects.

Ratio and Interval

 Data that can serve the purpose of
nominal and ordinal
 Both of these can measure the degree of
difference between subjects.

Interval = doesn’t have an absolute zero

value

Ratio and Interval

 Data that can serve the purpose of
nominal and ordinal
 Both of these can measure the degree of
difference between subjects.

Interval = doesn’t have an absolute zero

value
Ratio = has the absolute zero value

Ratio and Interval

 Textual
 Tabular
 Graphical

Data Presentation
 Textual

Data Presentation
 Tabular (Frequency Distribution)

Data Presentation
 Graphical

Data Presentation
 Graphical

Data Presentation
 Categorical data

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Pie chart
Categorical data
l

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Pie chart
Categorical data

Bar graph

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Pie chart
Categorical data

Bar graph

pictograph

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Numerical data
(ratio & interval)

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Histogram
Numerical data
(ratio & interval)

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Histogram
Numerical data
(ratio & interval)

Scattered Plot

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Histogram
Numerical data
(ratio & interval)

Scattered Plot

Frequency
Polygon

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Histogram
Numerical data
(ratio & interval)

Scattered Plot

Ogive Curve Frequency

Polygon

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Histogram
Numerical data
(ratio & interval)

Scattered Plot

Ogive Curve Frequency

Polygon

Line Graph

How do you select the appropriate

graphical representation for your
data?
 Mean
 Median
 Mode

Measure of Central Tendency

 Mean Median Mode
Average of values Average of position Average of frequency
Most reliable and Less reliable Most unstable
stable
Shows the quality of Divides the data in Common value/s
the values two equal parts
Affected by extreme Not affected by Not affected by
values extreme values extreme values
Interval and Ratio Ordinal data Nominal data
data

Measures of Central Tendency

Mean Median Mode

Ungrouped data Formulas(MCT)

 The grades of Joy last semester

90 87 95 88 92 95 89 97 91 90

What is the best measure of central

Tendency to be used to describe the
above data?
Interpret the result.

Measure of Central Tendency

 The grades of Joy last semester

90 87 95 88 92 95 89 97 91 90

The Mean grade is 91.4

Using the norm, Joy’s performance last
semester is very satisfactory.

Measure of Central Tendency

 The Daily Sales of KJM food chain

P 1200, P1800, P 2400, P1200, P6000,

P1200,P 3500, P1250

What is the best measurements of central

tendency to be applied for the data?
Interpret the data.

Measure of Central Tendency

Mean =

Mode =

Intepretation:

Measure of Central Tendency

 Quartile
 Decile
 Percentile

Measures of Position
 Ana got the score of 86 in the last quiz
and it is the 3rd quartile score?

Interpret the score of Ana.

Measures of Position
 Ana got the score of 86 in the last quiz
and it is the 3rd quartile score?

Interpret the score of Ana.

75 % of the classmates of Ana got scores

lower than her.
25 % of Ana’s classmates scored higher
than her.

Measures of Position
 Range
 Standard Deviation
 Variance

Measure of Dispersion
Standard Deviation
Variance

Measure of Dispersion
 it is the most important and widely used
distribution in Statistics

Normal Distribution
 it is the most important and widely used
distribution in Statistics
 It is commonly called bell curve and
Gausiann Curve

Normal Distribution
 it is the most important and widely used
distribution in Statistics
 It is commonly called bell curve and
Gausiann Curve
 It was first discovered by Abraham de
Moivre

Normal Distribution
 The green (left-most)
distribution has a mean of -3
and a standard deviation of
0.5, the distribution in red
(the middle distribution) has
a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1, and the
distribution in black (right-
most) has a mean of 2 and a
standard deviation of 3.

Different type of Normal

Distribution
 It has perfect symmetrical, mound-
shaped distribution

Properties of the Normal Curve

 Due to the exact symmetry of a normal curve, the center
of normal distribution, or a data set that approximates a
normal distribution, is located at the highest point of the
distribution and all the statistical measures of center are
equal.

Properties of the Normal Curve

 The most common way
to measure the spread
of a normal distribution
is with the standard
deviation, or the typical
distance away from the
mean.

Properties of the Normal Curve

4. The y-values on each point of the curve
is the % in decimal of the data at the
corresponding x-values.
5. Areas under the curve that are
symmetric about the mean are equal.
6. The total area under the curve is 1.

Properties of the Normal Curve

Normal Distribution and Standard
Norman Distribution
Area under the Normal Curve
Z-score
Casio Brand:
Icons :
P (z) = P(z to its left)
Q (z) = P (0 to z)
R (z) = P (z to its right)

Area of Z-score (calculator)

Calculate the z-score of Raul’ scores in
Algebra is 65. Interpret the his scores. If
the mean score of his class is 54 with a
standard deviation of 6.

z-score : Area and Value

Calculate the z-score of Raul’ scores in Algebra
is 65. Interpret the his scores. If the mean
score of his class is 54 with a standard
deviation of 6.

Answer : z = 1.83
Area under the normal curve from 0 is 0.4664
(Q(1.83)) and
the area to its left is 0.9664 (P(1.83)).

Interpretation : Raul’s score in Algebra is

higher than 96.64% of the class.

z-score : Area and Value

A soda machine dispenses soda into 12 –oz
cups. Test shows that the actual amount
of soda dispensed is normally distributed,
with a mean of 11.5 oz and standard
deviation of 0.2 oz.
a. What percent of cups will receive less
that 11.25 oz of soda.
b. What percent of cups will receive
between 11.02 oz and 11.55 oz of soda?

Application of the Normal

Distribution