SISTEM ALAT GERAK

OSTEOLOGI
MYOLOGI
ARTHROLOGI

Department of Anatomy
Hasanuddin University
OSTEOLOGI UMUM
FUNGSI :
1. Menegakkan dan memberi bentuk pada
tubuh
2. Melindungi alat dalam
3. Tempat melekatnya otot
4. Sebagai alat gerak pasif
5. Tempat pembuatan sel darah merah
6. Tempat menyimpan mineral (Ca, PO4)
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KLASIFIKASI SKELETON

1. SKELETON AXIALE • CRANIUM

• VERTEBRA
• COSTA
• STERNUM

2. SKELETON APPENDICULARE
• EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR
• EXTREMITAS INFERIOR
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SKELETON
APPENDICULARE
1. EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR (Ossa Membri
Superior)

1. CINGULUM EXTREMITAS
SUPERIOR
2. EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR LIBERAE

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Cingulum Ext.Superior

 Os SCAPULA
 Os CLAVICULA

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Scapula – humerus (anterior)

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Scapula – humerus (posterior)

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Os Clavicula

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Extremitas Sup. Liberae

 Os HUMERUS
 Os RADIUS
 Os ULNA
 Ossa CARPALIA
 Ossa METACARPALIA
 Ossa PHALANGES (=Ossa Digitorum)

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Humerus of the Arm

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Figure 7.23
Bones of the Forearm

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Figure 7.24
Radius and Ulna

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Figure 7.24
Hand
 Skeleton of
the hand
contains
wrist bones
(carpals),
bones of the
palm
(metacarpal
s), and
bones of the
fingers
(phalanges)
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Figure 7.26a
Carpus (Wrist)

 Consists of eight bones

– Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform
proximally
– Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and
hamate distally

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Metacarpus (Palm)

 Five numbered (1-5) metacarpal bones

radiate from the wrist to form the
palm
– Their bases articulate with the carpals
proximally, and with each other medially
and laterally
– Heads articulate with the phalanges

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Phalanges (Fingers)

 Each hand contains 14 miniature long

bones called phalanges
 Fingers (digits) are numbered 1-5,
beginning with the thumb (pollex)
 Each finger (except the thumb) has
three phalanges – distal, middle, and
proximal
 The thumb has no middle phalanx
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Hand

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Figure 7.26a
2. EXTREMITAS INFERIOR (Ossa Membri
INFERIOR)

1. CINGULUM EXTREMITAS
INFERIOR
2. EXTREMITAS INFERIOR LIBERAE

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Extremitas Inferior (=
Ossa Membri Inferior)
Cingulum Membri Inferior
Os coxae :
• Os ilium
• Os ischium
• Os pubis

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Extremitas Inferior
Liberae
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Ossa tarsalia
• Ossa metatarsalia
• Ossa phalanges

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Bones of the Lower
Extremity
 Attach to axial
skeleton by pelvic
girdle
– 2 hip bones (os
coxae)
 Fusion of ilium,
ischium, and pubis

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Know the landmarks that are studied in lab!

Thigh

 Femur
– Largest, longest,
strongest bone in body
– Runs medially to bring
knee closer to center of
body weight
– Weight from pelvis is
transferred to femur
– Serves as site of muscle
attachment
– Walking

http://www.fysioweb.nl/service/anatomie/bovenbeen/femur.jpg
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Knee and Leg
 Patella – kneecap
– Sesamoid bone
 Short bone formed
within a tendon
– Lies within tendon
of quadriceps
 Leg is the part of
the lower limb
between knee and
ankle

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 Leg
 Tibia
– Medial
– “Shinbone”
– 2nd to femur in size and
strength
– Weight transmitted
from femur to tibia
– Muscle attachment
 Fibula
– Lateral
– Stabilization of ankle
– Muscle attachment Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 24
Foot
 Tarsus (posterior ½ of foot)
– 7 tarsal bones
 Talus - ankle
– Articulates with tibia/fibula
 Calcaneous – heel
– Carries talus
– Attachment for calcaneal
tendon
 Cuboid
 Navicular
 Medial cuneiform
 Intermediate cuneiform
 Lateral cuneiform
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Foot (Intermediate and Anterior)
 Metarsus
– 5 metatarsals
 Phalanges
– 14 phalanges
 Arches of Foot (3)
– Transverse
– Medial longitudinal
– Lateral longitudinal
– Form half-dome
 ½ weight to heel
 ½ weight to head of Bagian Anatomi UNHAS 26
metatarsals
SKELETON AXIALE

 Columna Vertebralis
 Costae
 Sternum
 Cranium

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COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS

PENDAHULUAN
 Ruas-ruas tulang belakang
 Discus intervertebralis
 Terdiri dari 33 buah:
7 Vertebra cervicalis
12 Vertebra thoracalis
5 Vertebra lumbalis
5 Vertebra sacralis
4 Vertebra coccygeus
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MORFOLOGI

 Vertebrae : •Corpus
•Arcus td pediculus dan lamina
•Processus spinosus
•Processus transverses
•Processus articularis

 Foramen vertebralis Canalis

vertebralis (dilalui Medulla spinalis)

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LENGKUNGAN COLUMNA
VERTEBRALIS
 Anterior Lordosis
 Posterior Kyphosis
 Samping Scoliosis

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VERT. CERVICALIS

 corpusnya kecil,berbtk segiempat

 Foramen vert. Berbtk segitiga
 Proc. Transversus berlubang
For. Costotransversarium
 Proc. Spinosus pendek & bercabang
dua

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VERT. THORACALIS

 Ukuran corpus sedang, anterior lbh

rendah dibdg posteriornya
 For. Vert. Bulat
 Processus spinosus panjang &
runcing
 Terdpt Fovea costalis pd Proc.transv
& Corpus vert.
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VERT. LUMBALIS

 Corpus besar, btk ginjal melintang,

dorsal > ventral
 Proc. Spinosus besar dan pendek
 Terdpt proc. Mammilaris
 Terdpt proc. Accessorius

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VERT. SACRALIS (= OS
SACRUM)
• Td. 5 ruas vertebrae Os
Sacrum
• Berbtk segitiga, basis di cranial, apex
di caudal
• Facies pelvicum & facies dorsalis
• Foramina intervertebralis
• Crista sacralis media
• Terdpt hiatus sacralis
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OS COCCYGEUS

 Ada 4 ruas Os coccygeus

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VERT. BENTUK KHUSUS
 Vert. Cervicalis I (= ATLAS)
 Vert. Cervicalis II (= EPISTROPHEUS)
Corpusnya membentuk dens epistropheus
 Vert. Cervicalis VII
(=VERT.PROMINENS)Proc.spinosus lbh
panjang yang dapat dilihat dan diraba dari
luar
 Vert. Sacralis bersatu membtk Os
sacrumAntara vert. Lumbalis V dan basis
ossis sacri terdapat PROMONTORIUM
(tonjolan discus intervertebralis ke ventral)
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DISCUS
INTERVERTEBRALIS
Terdiri dari :
• Annulus fibrosus

• Nucleus fibrosus

• Berfungsi sbg Shock absorbers

• Letak : diantara 2 corpus vert.

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COSTA
• 12 pasang
• Melekat pd vert.thoracalis ke sternum
• 3 kelompok:

1.Costa Vera (costa I-VII)

2.Costa Spuria (costa VIII-X)
3.Costa Fluctuantes (costa XI-XII)
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STERNUM

• Manubrium sterni
• Corpus sterni
• Processus xiphoideus (=proc.
Ensiformis)
• Bersama costa membentuk
SKELETON THORACIS
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CRANIUM

 NEURO CRANIUM
 VISCERO CRANIUM (SPLANCNO
CRANIUM)

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NEURO CRANIUM

• Os occipitale (1)
• Os temporale (2)
• Os parietale (2)
• Os frontale (1)
• Os sphenoidale (1)
• Os eithmoidale (1)

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 VISCERO CRANIUM
(SPLANCNO CRANIUM)
• Os maxilla (2)
• Os mandibula (1)
• Os Zygomatica (2)
• Os nasalis (2)
• Os lacrimale (2)
• Os vomer (1)
• Os palatinae (2)
• Os concha nasalis inferior (2)
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NEUROCRANIUM
Os Eithmoidalis
 BASIS CRANII Os Frontalis
Os Temporalis
Os Occipitalis
Os Shenoidalis

 CALVARIA CRANII Os Frontale

Os Parietale
Os Temporale
Os Occipitalis
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