Departemen Teknik Industri

Basic Production Layouts

• Process Layout

• Product Layout

• Group Technology (Cellular) Layout

• Fixed-Position Layout

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TYPES OF PRODUCTION
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Product Layout
• Work Centers are arranged in a linear
path; continuous flow; high volume; L, O,
S,U - shapes
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Product Layout

Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

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Process Layout
• What factors might we consider when
determining the locations of process
areas, or departments?

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Process Layout
• Groups workstations according to function
(Functional Layout)
• Most common when the same operation
(milling operations) must intermittently
produce many different products or serve
many customers.
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Process Layout

Lathing Milling Drilling

L L D D
M M

D D
L L M M

Grinding

L L M M
G G

Assembly
L L
G G
A A

Receiving and shipping

A A G G
 Group Technology
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Transition from Process Layout

1. Grouping parts into families that follow a
common sequence of steps.

2. Identifying dominant flow patterns of

parts families as a basis for location or
relocation of processes.

3. Physically grouping machines and

processes into cells.

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Departemen Teknik Industri

Group Technology Layout

• Product layouts with low-volume
processes. Creates cells not limited to just
one worker and groups parts or products
with similar characteristics into families
and sets aside groups of machines for
production.
• Goal is to minimize setup or changeovers
for similar processing requirements
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A GT Cell

Machine 2

Machine 3
Machine 1

Materials in

Finished
goods out

Machine 4
Machine 5
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Group Technology Layout

L L M D G Assembly area

Cell 1 Cell 2 A A

Receiving L M G G

Cell 3

L M D
Shipping
 Group Technology
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Benefits
1. Better human relations

2. Improved operator expertise

3. Less in-process inventory and material

handling

4. Faster production setup

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Cellular Layout HM

VM

1. Identify families of Worker 3

VM
parts with similar
flow paths L
2. Group machines
into cells based on
part families
3. Arrange cells so
Worker 2
G
material
movement is L
minimized
4.
Final
Locate large inspection

shared machines
at point of use Finished
S Worker 1 part

In Out
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Revised Cellular Layout

[Figures 5.8 & 5.9] Assembly
Machines
Parts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4 6 7 9
A x x x x x
B x x x x
5 8
C x x x
D x x x x x 2 10 12
E x x x
1 3 11
F x x x
G x x x x
H x x x A B C Raw materials

Assembly
Machines
Parts 1 2 4 8 10 3 6 9 5 7 11 12 8 10 9 12
A x x x x x
D x x x x x 11
F x x x 4 Cell 1 Cell 2 6 Cell 3
C x x x 7
G x x x x
B x x x x 2 1 3 5
H x x x
E x x x A B C
Raw materials
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Advantages/Disadvantages of Cellular Layout

Advantages Disadvantages
 Reduced material  Inadequate part families
handling and transit  Poorly balanced cells
time  Expanded training
 Reduced setup time and scheduling
 Reduced work-in- of workers
process inventory  Increased capital
 Better use of human investment
resources
 Easier to control
 Easier to automate
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JIT LAYOUT

Lecture-05
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Departemen Teknik Industri