Chapter 7

IDENTIFICATION OF
COMPUTER PRINT-OUTS
computer
o Is a newly device or apparatus
o It may receive, record, transmit, store,
process and retrieve
o And also produce information
o Data
o Text
o Graphics
o Figures
Printers
 Isa peripheral which produces a hard
copy of documents stored in in electronic
form
 Physicalprint media such as paper as
local peripheral

 Universal Serial Bus or USB

 Most
people use printer for printing
documents, few are aware of how it works

 Printed
documents are the best way to
save data
Two types of basic printers
‘’IMPACT AND NON-IMPACT’’
IMPACT
Used in early 70s and 80s
 Printingmechanism touches the paper for
creating an image
 Dot Matrix printers a series of small pins use trike
a ribbon coated with ink to transfer the image
IMPACT

Basically computerized
typewriters with the ff:
 Series of bars or a ball
 Actual character strikes on the ink ribbon
 Only one character can be printed
Line printers
A chain of characters or pins, print an
entire lines, which makes them pretty fast,
but the print quality is not so good.

Thermal printers
 Printers
use in calculators and fox
machines
 Inexpensive to use
 Workby pushing heated pins against
special heat sensitive paper
line printer
Thermal printer
Non-impact
 More efficient and advance printers
 Use as new technology
 Printing mechanism does not come into the contact of
paper at all

Inkjet printers
 The most popular printer in mid 1980s
 It has tiny nozzles, which place extremely tiny droplets of
ink on the paper to create an image
 Very small than the human hair
 Dots resolution 1440 c 720 per inch
 Any ink cartridges can be use with these printers
Inkjet printer
Inkjet printers works
 This printers scans horizontally back and fort
and another motor assembly rolls the paper
vertically in strips
 Only a half a second is taken ton print a strip
 Plain copier can be use in this printers unlike
thermal paper used for fox machine
 Heat is use to fire ink onto the paper through
the printers
 Some print heads and up to 300 nozzles heat
resistant and water base ink is use for this
printer
How laser printer works
 Latest and fastest printer use static
electricity for printing it as in photo copiers
 It
uses toner electricity and heat to create
an image
 Toner passes through computer, fuser in
the computer resulting binds
 Laser printers is past and has a good
quality because of the high resolution
Laser printer
 Basic components, laser printer has fuser
photo receptor drum assembly,
developing roller laser scanning unit,
corona wire and discharge lamp
 Laser beam create an image on the
drum
 Laser printers are called ‘’page printers’’
because entire page to the drum before
printing
 DTP or desk top publishing it can print
any number of fonts and graphics
Photo copier printer and fox
examinations
 Examiners confronted with the newly machines that create or produce
documents subject to alteration and fraudulent

 The examiner may also called to compare a question document test

sample printed from subject machine.

 A side by side comparison made between question document ad printed

samples to compare markings produced by the machine.

 Analyzing computer print-outs and faxes use the same approach for
comparing the markings in the gathered data by a suspect machine.


 Fax machines contain a header known as Transmitting Thermal
Indentifier or TTI, that can be seen or read on top of each fax
pages.

 TTI is serves a very important point of comparison

 Header and the text documents must have different font style.

 A microscopic examination easily seen or reveals the

significant characteristics that distinguish from its genuine
TTI.
 TONER, involves a microscopic analysis to characterize its
surface morpholog followed by the inorganic and
organic component of toner.

 document examiners access database to help identify

the model type of machine used to prepare a
questioned documents.

 result by the database will produce number of potential

machines to a manageable number.

 one a suspect machine identified, an examiner will

proceed to a side by side comparison.
 present, thre are several classes of high
sped printers. matrix impact and
manuscript printers, printers are
categorized as impact or non-impact
printers by mechanism of their toner
application.
 matrix type printer is distinctive, forming
letters and numerals as a pattern of dots
by a series of printing rods.
 second class impact printers, includes the
single element type head similar the
selectric type ball, one will type printer, the
chain printer and the drum printer
 Non- impact the use photo transfer method to combine
portion of letters in order to from a specific letter, recent
development an inkjet printer, produce copy by spraying
by ink onto the paper-through small holes to from a matrix
or dot design
 eachclass has its own particular characteristics or design
and clsses of defect thats may develop, all printers have
characteristics way of printing documents, characters
shape toner differentiation and toner application methods
are easily seen at low-power microscope
 another aspect of printer technology is resistance to
alternation; liquid ink such as from an ink jet head fabric
ribbon becomes absorted by the papers fibers, document
printed with liquid ink are more difficult to alter than
document printed with toner or solid inks not penetrate
below the paper surface.
1. Is a newly device or apparatus
A.computer
B.typewriter
C.fox machine
2.USB
A.universal serial bus
B.universal serrial bus
C.universal serial buss
3.Printing mechanism touches the paper for creating an image
A.non-impact
B.impact
4.Basically computerized typewriters
A.impact
B.non-impact
5.A chain of characters or pins, print an entire lines, which makes them pretty fast,
but the print quality is not so good.
A.thermal printer
B.line printer
6.Work by pushing heated pins against special heat sensitive paper
A.thermal printer
B.line printer
7.Printing mechanism does not come into the contact of paper at all
A.non-impact
B.impact
8.Use as new technology
A.impact
B.non-impact
9.The most popular printer in mid 1980s
A.inkjet printers
B.laser printer
10.Latest and fastest printer use static electricity for printing it as in photo
copiers
A.laser printer
B.inkjet printer