PHOTONS IN

CHEMISTRY OUT
 PHOTONS IN
CHEMISTRY OUT

WHY BOTHER?
1.Remote action
1.Remote action
Light has:
• Intensity
• Color (wavelength)
• Polarization
E=hν
Light has:
• Intensity
• Color (wavelength) = ENERGY
• Polarization
1.Remote action
2.Energetics
(wavelength) x (frequency) = speed [m/s]

λν = c [108 m/s]
E=hν
E  h  E  hc
  c 
   


6.610 Js  310 m s 
34

8

E    
 nm 109 m

21016 J
 nm
N
1 1.6 10 19 
1000

1234 eV 119627 kJ mol

 nm  nm
~ 450-750 nm

Take 500 nm

1234
Eh   2.5 eV
500
 4 1019 J
 240 kJ mol
n2 E RT
e Boltzman
n1
 240103 8.3 T
e
 2.87104 T
e
n2  2.87104 T
e Boltzman
n1
T [oK] n2/n1
300 3 x 10-42
400 7 x 10-32
1000 3.4 x 10-13
2,000 6 x 10-7
5,000 3 x 10-3
6,400 1%
10,000 5.7 %
20,000 24 %
50,000 56 %
n2  2.87104 T
e Boltzman
n1
T [oK] n2/n1
300 3 x 10-42
400 7 x 10-32
1000 3.4 x 10-13
2,000 6 x 10-7
5,000 3 x 10-3
6,400 1%
10,000 5.7 %
20,000 24 %
50,000 56 %
n2  2.87104 T
e Boltzman
n1
T [oK] n2/n1
300 3 x 10-42
400 7 x 10-32
1000 3.4 x 10-13
2,000 6 x 10-7
5,000 3 x 10-3
6,400 1%
10,000 5.7 %
20,000 24 %
50,000 56 %
n2  2.87104 T
e Boltzman
n1
T [oK] n2/n1
300 3 x 10-42
400 7 x 10-32
1000 3.4 x 10-13
2,000 6 x 10-7
5,000 3 x 10-3
6,400 1%
10,000 5.7 %
20,000 24 %
50,000 56 %
n2  2.87104 T
e Boltzman
n1
T [oK] n2/n1
300 3 x 10-42
400 7 x 10-32
1000 3.4 x 10-13
2,000 6 x 10-7
5,000 3 x 10-3
6,400 1%
10,000 5.7 %
20,000 24 %
50,000 56 %
Grotthuss-Draper law:

Only the light absorbed in a molecule

can produce photochemical Change in the molecule
(1871 and 1841)

Stark - Einstein:

If a species absorbs radiation, then one particle is

excited for each quantum of radiation absorbed
Primary Φ ≤ 1
Sum of all primary Φ’s =1

QUANTUM YIELD:

Φ = The number of molecules of reactant consumed

for each quantum of radiation absorbed

Stark - Einstein:

If a species absorbs radiation, then one particle is

excited for each quantum of radiation absorbed