Under

Martial
595 Law
page
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 Objectives

• To recall some information about

Ferdinand Marcos.
• To know the nature of Martial Law.
• To discuss the causes and effects of
Martial Law in the whole country
during the Marcos regime.
• To conduct a 3-minute group activity.

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 What is Martial Law?
• Martial law is an extreme and rare measure
used to control society during war or periods of
civil unrest or chaos.

• Martial law is the imposition of military power

over designated regions on an emergency basis.

• Martial law is usually imposed on a temporary

basis when the civilian government or civilian
authorities fail to function effectively (e.g.,
maintaining order and security, or providing
essential services), when there are extensive riots
and protests, or when the disobedience of the law
becomes widespread. Fundamentally it is a
requirement put on civilian government when
they fail to Free
function correctly.
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Who is Ferdinand Marcos?

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 Proclamation No. 1081

Face with the severely critical condition of

the country and the rising power of Jose Ma.
Sison's Communist Party ,President
Ferdinand E. Marcos, availing himself of
Article VII, Section 10, paragraph 2 of the
Constitution, issued the entire country under
martial law. In accordance with this
proclamation, the President today rule by
decrees, general
Freeorders,
Powerpointand letters of instruction.
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 The President's
In accordance with the proclamation
Proclamationwas met
1081,
with silenceMarcos
President by the people
issued and the pessimist's
General Order
fear
2-Aof bloodbath
ordering thedid not materialize.
Secretary of National
Defense to arrest and detain persons who
committed "crimes and offenses in
furtherance or on the occasion of our
incident to or in connection with the
crimes of insurrection and rebellion" as
defined in the Revised Penal Code, and
those who, in one way or another,
committed and will commit crimes
against society and the government that are
guilty of weakening the fabric of society and
of undermining the stability of the
government.Free Powerpoint Templates
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 Initial Measures

Land Reform Program

- In Presidential Decree No. 2, dated on Sep. 26, 1972,

Pres. Marcos proclaimed the entire Philippines as land
reform area.
-tenants are given 3 hectares of irrigated rice or corn
lands and 5 hectares if unirrigated.
- The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) was
created to expedite the transfer of land titles to the
peasants.
- National Grains Authority was created under PD 4 on Sep.
26, 1972, which was intended to "effect the desired changes
and reform in the social, economic, and political structure of
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society.." Page 7
 New Society

- On Sep. 27, 1972, PD No. 6 was issued prescribing

the rules and regulations regarding discipline in the
government .
- The decree spelled out the grounds for disciplinary
action against misdemeanors which, in the old
society, were ignored or passed over.

Curfew
- To minimize if not completely eradicate robbery and
other unlawful activities at night, Pres. Marcos set a
curfew from midnight to four in the morning. Later
on, it was changed from one to four in the morning.
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 The New Constitution
- The Constitutional Convention framed a
new constitution to replace that of 1935, met on
Sep. 25, 1972, and "voted unanimously" to
"continue deliberations on vital issues".

After which, Pres.

Marcos referred the new
charter to the Kapulungan
or General Assembly
numbering 26,000 all over
the country.

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To consider the provisions of the new charter,
three questions were submitted to the Kapulungan:

1.Do you approve of the Citizens Assembly as a way

of popular government to decide issues affecting
our people?
2.Do you approve of the new Constitution?
3.Do you want a plebiscite to be called to ratify the
new Constitution?

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 Distribution of Wealth
- President Marcos issued an order urging
business, corporations and companies to open their
doors to the public which is to say, ownership of the
corporations and companies should not be limited
to the family circle and to a narrow circle of friends,
but should be dispersed to those who were willing
to become stockholders of such business firms.

Meralco, which changed ownership, was now

owned not by a few but by all Meralco customers.

With regard to lands beyond seven hectares owned

by a person, a decree provided for the distribution of
land above seven hectares to landless tenants,
and those whoFree owned sevenTemplates
Powerpoint or less were required to
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till their lands personally.
 Peace and Order
- The greatest threat to peace and order came not
from the NPA's activities, which were not massive in
nature, but from the so-called Moro National
Liberation Front (MNLF).

- Marcos initiated a truce movement in February

1975, by appealing to the members of the ASEAN
and to the Muslim countries to help force a
ceasefire in the affected areas of Mindanao and
Sulu.
- During the truce period, however, the MNLF
attacked the Philippine Constabulary forces in
Mindanao, resulting in heavy
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- The Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP),
the Moscow-Oriented communist group,
volunteered to cooperate with the President. It was
stipulated in a "Memorandum of Cooperation",
dated on October 1,1974, and signed by Feliciano
Macapagal secretary-general of the PKP.

Bernabe
Buscayno

Lt. Victor Corpus

- The campaign to have peace and order led to
the capture of Commander Dante ( Bernabe
Buscayno), head the NPA, the arm of Peking-
oriented Sison Group of communists, and of Lt.
Victor Corpus, which has weakened the military
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arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines. Page 13
 Infrastructure
- The Bureau of Internal
Revenue, the biggest money maker
of the government, and the Bureau
of Customs, the second money
maker were placed in the hands of
dedicated officials who were willing
to run after prominent and
influential tax payers.
-At the same time, President Marcos issued a decree
extending tax amnesty to those who, deliberately or
not, failed to pay the correct amount of money.
- Substantial parts of this huge collection were spent in
the construction of first-class infrastructure
projects. Free Powerpoint Templates
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 The Shift in Foreign Policy
- The late statesman, parliamentarian, poet, and
nationalist, Claro M. Recto, described the Philippine
foreign policy since 1946 as "mendicant policy."
- Even at the risk of being called communistic or
a "fellow traveler," Recto, imbued with high ideals and
possessed of seer's insight, fought for the non-
recognition of Ngo Dinh Diem's South Vietnam,
which Recto called a puppet of the United States, made
the plea that the Philippines live with their neighbors,
irrespective of ideology, as peacefully as circumstances
allowed, and suggested a non-aligned posture in
foreign affairs. A small country like the Philippines, he
said, should not take up the quarrels of the great
nations. Free Powerpoint Templates
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 President Marcos, grasping the significance of the
new realities in international politics, initiated the shift
in Philippine foreign policy when, on May 23,1975, he
delivered a foreign policy speech enumerating six
guidelines "to help the country survive the current security
crisis in Asia" arising from the American debacle in
Vietnam. The guidelines are:

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 In accordance with the guidelines,
Philippines established a diplomatic agreement
to the following socialist countries:

East Germany Hungary Czechoslovakia Bulgaria

Romania China Vietnam Jordan

Soviet Union
Democratic Republic of Free Powerpoint Templates Page 17
Kampuchea (Cambodia)
 In December 1973, the
Philippines ratified the long-pending
Treaty of Amity, Commerce and
Navigation with Japan. The
establishment of diplomatic relations
with the socialist countries of Asia and
Europe led not only to progressive trade
relations between them and the
Philippines but also to cultural
exchange programs.

The stand of the Philippines

during the negotiation with the United
States in December 1976 that the latter
should pay rent for the right to use the
bases, principally Clark Air Base and
Subic(Olangapo) Naval Base.
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 Labor and Human Welfare
Underemployment remained at 9.2 percent, of the total
labor force.

 Overseas Employment Development Board (OEDB)

 Public Employment Office(PEO)

 National Seamen Board(NSB)

 National Manpower and Youth Council(NMYC)

 Bureau of Apprenticeship(BA)

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 Effects of Employment Abroad

1. the lessening of the number of unemployed

in the country;

2. the projection of good image of the Filipino

laborers, technicians, and professional abroad,
and finally;

3. the increase of the government's income

made possible through foreign exchange
remittances of the workers and professionals
working abroad.
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Wages Increase of Laborers

within outside
Metro Metro
Manila Manila

Non-
Plantation
Plantation
workers
workers
P7.00/day P6.00/day

Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP)

– a restructuring agent of Templates
Free Powerpoint the Philippine labor movement.
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The Economy: Gains and Losses
Economic Growth Rate: Growth Rate:
Gain Gross Capital Agriculture
Formation

5.8 % 29.1 % 4.1 %

National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) estimated

that the country increased its GNP from P40,847M to
P43,203M.

The field per hectare planted to rice increased by 40-50

percent. Free Powerpoint Templates
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The Economy: Gains and Losses

The spiraling cost of oil imports and

the lowering of the prices of traditional
exports led to a trade deficit of P1.164 M.

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 GROUP ACTIVITY
“Three or more brains are better than one.”

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Directions:
1. Proceed to your group based on the group
formed in reporting and form your chairs into a
circle.
2. Prepare only one ¼ sheet of paper for each
group and write the names of your corresponding
group members.
3. On the next slides, 21 questions will be given
with 25 points in total.
4. The group should unite and cooperate to come
up with the final answer.
5. A 1-minute time limit will be given to each slide.
6. Right only the letter of your best answers and
give what is asked.
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 GO!13
2
5
4
READY!!!
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PASS!!
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ANSWERS

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