TENSION MEMBERS

DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

• Introduction

• Behaviour of Tension Members

– Plates Under Tension
– Threaded Rods
– Angles Under Tension

• Code Provisions

• Summary
 Tension Members in Buildings

suspenders

rafter

tie (a) Roof Truss

purlin

Sag rod (b) Suspended Building

Top chord

(c) Roof Purlin System (d) Braced frame

 INTRODUCTION

Characteristics
– Members Experience
• Axial force
• Stretching
• Uniform stress over the cross section

– Very Efficient Member

• Strength governed by the material strength
• Bolt holes affect the strength
 INTRODUCTION
Cross Sections Used for Tension Members

Channel

Angle Double Angle

Rod Cable

Built up sections
 BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION

Material Properties

High Strength Steel

T
Mild Steel
d
Yield Plateau
fy b
e
c

a

0.2%
 BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION

Plates with a Hole

u
y

(a) Elastic (b) Elasto-Plastic (c) Ultimate

 BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION

Plates with Holes (Cl 6.3)

1

d b g
2

3
(a) (b) 1 p 4
Case a: Net Area: = t (b - 2*d)
(c)
Case b: Net Area: = t (b – d)
P = pitch
Case c: t (b - 2*d)<Area< t (b –d)
g = gauge
 BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION

Plates with Holes

An = [ b – n d + (p2 / 4 g)]t
 BEHAVIOUR IN TENSION

• ANGLES Eccentrically Loaded Through Gussets

Gusset plate
 Revised IS 800:2007
SECTION 6 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS
6.1 Tension Members
6.2 Design Strength due to Yielding of Gross Section
6.3 Design Strength due to Rupture of Critical Section
6.3.1 Plates
6.3.2 Threaded Rods
6.3.3 Single Angles
6.3.4 Other Sections
6.4 Design Strength due to Block Shear
6.4.1 Plates
6.4.2 Angles
 Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
6.1 Tension Members

The factored design tension T, in the members T < Td

6.2 Design Strength due to Yielding of Gross Section

The design strength of members under axial tension Tdg, Tdg = fy Ag /m0
mo = 1.1
6.3 Design Strength due to Rupture of Critical Section
6.3.1 Plates  The design strength in tension of a plate, Tdn,

Tdn =0.9 fu An / m1 m1 = 1.25

 pi2 
An = b  nd h   4 g  t Cont…
 i i 

 Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS

6.3.2 Threaded Rods 

The design strength of threaded rods in tension, Tdn,

Tdn =0.9 fu An / m1

f < fy fy fu

droot

dgross elastic elastic - Ultimate

Plastic
 Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
6.3.3 Single Angles  The design strength, Tdn, as governed
by tearing

Tdn = 0.9 fu Anc / m1 + Ago fy /m0

 = 1.4 – 0.076 (w/t) (fu/fy) (bs/L ) [≈ 1.4-0.52(bs/L)]

Alternatively, the tearing strength of net section may be

taken as

Tdn =  An fu /m
Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS

w
w

bs=w+w1 bs=w
w1

Fig. 6.2 Angles with end connections

 Revised IS 800:2007 CODAL PROVISIONS
6.4 Design Strength due to Block Shear
6.4.1 Plates –The block shear strength, Tdb, of connection shall be taken as the
smaller of

Tdb = ( Avg fy /(3 m0) + fu Atn /m1 )

or
Tdb = ( fu Avn /(3 m1) + fy Atg /m0 )

1 1 2
2
4 4
3 3

Fig 6.2 Block Shear Failure of Plates Fig 6.3 Block Shear Failure of Angles
 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

Efficiency
 = Pt /(Ag * fy / M0)
Design Steps
An = Pt / (fu / M1)
Ag = Pt / (fy / M0)
Choose a trial section
Analyse for its strength
 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

Stiffness Requirements
Designed for compression under
stress reversal /r < 250

Not designed for compression under

stress reversal /r < 350

Members under tension only /r < 400

 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

Summary

Efficient load carrying members

Efficiency may reduce due to

– bolt holes
– shear lag
– block shear