Resume Materi

Operasi Pemboran Panas Bumi

Sebelum UTS
Muhammad Daffa Ferdiansyah
113170114
Kelas B
Pemboran Eksplorasi vs. Pemboran Produksi
Definisi Pemboran Eksplorasi
Definisi Pemboran Eksplorasi
Tipe Sumur Geotermal
Casing Program untuk Sumur Geothermal
Trayek Sumur Geotermal
Pembuatan Lubang Bor
Data Geologi Permukaan
Informasi yang didapat dari Lubang Bor
Kurva Kedalaman Titik Didih
Area Geotermal dengan Suhu Tinggi
Pemilihan Peralatan Pemboran
Tipe Rig
Spesifikasi Teknis untuk menentukan Rig
Spesifikasi Rig
Platform Pemboran
Drill String
Top Drive vs. Rotary Table Drive
Pemilihan Fluida Pemboran dan
Prosedur Penyemenan
Fungsi Fluida Pemboran
• Clean the cuttings from the hole.
• Keep the drill string free by holding the cuttings while there is no
circulation.
• Lubricates the drill string, thus reducing the torque for drill pipe rotation.
• Cool the drill bit and down-hole tools.
• Maintain the stability of the borehole.
• Control formation pressure.
• Kill a well after a “kick” or a “blow-out”.
• Provide power to a down-hole motor (positive displacement) and a
Measurement While Drilling (MWD) logging tool (for a small turbine that
generates power).
• Allow for collection of geological information (cuttings for analysis,
losses/gains indicate potential production zones).
• Protect the formation zones from damage.
Sistem Sirkulasi Lumpur

Tri-cone
drill bit

Check
valve
Typical for 8-½" hole:
Flow 40 L/s above bit
Presure up to 100 bar
Typical for 12-¼" hole:
Flow 60 L/s
Presure up to 150 bar
Pemilihan Fluida Pemboran untuk Sumur Geotermal
For drilling the cased portions of the well < ~1200 m
Bentonite:
• Due to the large drill bit sizes required for the casing, the minimum annular of velocity of
0.7-1 m/s for water only drilling can not be reached due to the flow restriction posed by
the small diameter of the drill pipes (<5”). Thus for hole diameters >12 ¼“ bentonite is the
preferred drilling fluid. The required annular velocity for muds is small and when there is
no circulation the it retains the cuttings and prevents them from jamming the stabilizers
and drill bit that could lead to the drill string getting stuck.
• The mud pugs small fractures and with some loss of circulation material (LCM), such as
mica flakes, it produces a tight hole which in turn is beneficial to achieving returns during
the casing cementing.
• The geothermal formations near surface are not thermally altered, due to the low
formation temperatures, and are more prone to collapsing. For that reason a mud is
beneficial as it produces a thin “cake” on the walls of the well that supports loose
formations.
• If there is total loss the drilling is switched to water only and polymer plugs are pumped at
the addition of each 1 – 3 drill pipe joints.
• For drilling the productive part of the well until total depth:
• Drill with freshwater only. The benefits are:
• Less formation damage as there are no solids in the fluid except the
cuttings.
• The water costs less than drilling mud. During drilling in partial or total
loss this becomes important.
• There is good cooling of the hole, down hole tools and bit.
• Water can be pumped at full rate for prolonged periods, should there
be a blow-out
• After fluid losses appear, consider:
• Pump high-vis pills periodically to aid in hole cleaning.
• Apply aerated drilling, by adding compressed water to the water. This
helps in cleaning the well and less solids are lodged in the formation,
which should produce a cleaner hole.
• Mud pills can be used but are not preferred due to formation damage.
• I case there is a hydrostatic pressure a high-density mud is used.
• In vapour dominated systems consider using air only.
Casing dan Cementing
• After drilling each section of a well a new casing is run and then cemented
full length. The casing design was described in another lecture, but here
the running of the casing and cementing will be described.
• The casing in lengths of 10-13 m is added one by one, by screwing the
threaded connections together and lowering the pipe by pipe.
• The casing cementing is one of the most critical operations of the drilling
operation, because:
• The cement has to support the casing uniformly as the thermal expansion
stresses the steel beyond the yield point. Poor cementing is a leading cause
of casing failures.
• There can be now water pockets in the annulus between two casing strings
as it will most likely cause a collapse in the casing at startup due to the
expansion of the water which has no place to go.
• The cementing has to block any fluid movement up the annulus, be it from
the formation or through a casing leak.
• Cementing is one of the most critical operations of the drilling to get right.
Casing Tools yang dibutuhkan untuk Penyemenan
• Buttress threaded cementing head w/ valve. Plug container for
releasing rubber wipers.
• Casing shoe - float shoe (w. non-return valve).
• Float collar for inner-string cementing (w. non-return valve). Stab-in
adapter on the end of the drill pipes for inner string cementing.
• Casing centralizers. Leaf spring type in open hole or rigid in
casing/casing annulus.
• 2-stage cementing collar, for long casing strings.
Required for casing strings longer than ~1100 m as the high pressure
fractures the formation.
Alasan utama dilakukannya Penyemenan
• Casing cementing:
• Hold the casing in the well.
• Prevent fluid migration outside the casing.
• Corrosion protection.

• Hole conditions:
• For sealing loss of circulation zones.
• For stabilizing weak zones (washouts, collapses).
• To plug a well for abandonment or for repair.
• To kick-off sidetracking in an open hole or to pass junk.
• To plug a well temporary before being re-cased.
Tipe Operasi Penyemenan
• Casing
• Each casing string, full length
• Cemented liners
• For plugging and abandonment
• Open hole
• Loss zones
• Collapses
• Plugs
• Materials
• HT cement mix with 40% silica flour. w/wo microspheres and expanded perlite
to reduce density (alternative foamed cement)
• Methods
• Pumping on casing through a cementing head, using plugs
• Inner-string cementing method
• Reverse circulation cementing
• Cementing up to a loss zone and then immediately reverse circulation
Desain Sumur Geotermal
Large Holes vs. Slimholes
Definisi – Apa itu Slimhole Well?
Kenapa Slimhole?
Desain Casing
Pemboran Slimhole