ASSIGNMENT OF

CGBE
TOPIC ON :- POLLUTION

Submitted to :- Mr. Gagan Gulati Submitted By :- Aditya Choudhry

ID No :- 17FLICDDNO1011
 WHAT
IS
POLLUTION?
• Pollution refers to the presence of a substance or substances in the
environment that are harmful or toxic. The substances or pollutants may be
harmful to human health, other animals, and plants. When something harmful
enters the environment at a faster rate that it can be dispersed, there is
pollution.
• Pollutants may be natural or anthropogenic. If something is anthropogenic, it
originates from human activity. Volcanic ash, for example, is a natural
pollutant, while fumes from vehicles are the result of human activity.
• Pollutants damage the land, water, and air. In other words, they damage our
environment.
POLLUTION
IN
INDIA
• Usually, the people of India mainly depend on agriculture works from the ancient age of the
nation. After Indian independent in 1947, human lifestyle was gradually changed and they search
for new sources of income to survive. From the year of 1981 Indiân government provided many
facilities to set up private industries. With the cooperation of government, last 30 years Indian
private firms or industries increased vastly. Now, India is one of the best economically growing
countries in the world.

• The rapid growing industrialization is leading lots of environmental issues by its uncontrolled
polluted emission. Other reasons of pollutions in India are the destruction of forests, emissions of
vehicles, land degradation due to use of poisonous insecticide for agriculture, shortage of natural
resources, rampant burning of wood fuel and many more. Pollution is the main reason to lead lots
of disease, health issues and long-term livelihood impact.

• Indian pollutions can broadly classify into four major types namely Air, Land, Noise and Water
Pollution. There are several industries in India which are marked as highly polluting like
Aluminum smelter industries, Cement, Chlorine, Copper smelter, Distillery indústries, Fertilizer,
Iron and Steel, Oil refinery, Petrochemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp and Paper, Thermal power
plants and Zinc smelter industries.
 TYPES
OF
POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA
• Normal component of fresh air are consist of 78.084 percent Nitrogen (N 2), 21.946 percent Oxygen (O 2),
0.934 percent Argon (Ar), 0.0397 percent Carbon dioxide (CO 2), 0.00182 percent Neon (Ne), 0.0005 percent
Helium (He) and 0.0002 percent Methane (CH 4). When these normal percentage of Air component behave
like irregular due to the influence of several harmful gases, our surrounding environment becomes polluted.
There are some example of harmful elements of air like hydrocarbon gases, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and some greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, methane and many more.

• Major reason to increase above-mentioned compositions in the air is industry emissions which increase the
percentage of carbon monoxide and many harmful gasses. Vehicles also contribute up to 35% of air
pollution in the big cities of India like Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai etc. some other reasons of air
pollutions are the burning wood fuel in rural areas for cooking and millions of old diesel engines persistently
burning away diesel
WATER POLLUTION IN INDIA
• Most of the Indian big industries produce a large scale of polluted liquid
emission which is normally wash out through a canal into river. A recent
report describes that around 29,000 million liters of liquid dirt are produced
daily in India whenever there have a capacity of 6,000 million liters per day.
Directly or indirectly river is the main source of water. There have lots of
rivers in India which are vastly polluted day by day due to lack of
management by government. The most harmful elements which mainly
polluted the river water are organic waste, sediment, mineral, nutrient, toxic
chemical and many more.
LAND POLLUTION IN INDIA
Land pollution in India is due to the poisonous pesticides and fertilizers as well
as corrosion during 2009, the issue of Uranium poisoning in the state of Punjab
came into light, caused by fly ash ponds of thermal power stations, which
reportedly lead to severe birth defects in children in the Faridkot and Bhatinda
districts of the state. Other main reason of this type of pollution is poor garbage
disposal services in both the rural and urban areas of India. It is very common in
India to find out a heap of garbage on the Street corners.
NOISE POLLUTION IN INDIA

Noise pollution is also very common in India due to negligence of

government. There have rule in the country to not exceed the normal range
(65 decibel) of sound to control the sound pollution. But, no one follow this
rule and government also not strict about this. People rampantly use
loudspeakers, mikes or any sound system without rules of govt. some other
reasons of sound pollution are the noise of industries and vehicles.
 SERIOUS
EFFECTS
OF
POLLUTION
• ENVIRONMENT DIGRADATION:-
The environment is the first casualty for the increase in pollution weather
in air or water. The increase in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
leads to smog which can restrict sunlight from reaching the earth. Thus,
preventing plants in the process of photosynthesis. Gases like Sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen oxide can cause acid rain. Water pollution in terms
of the oil spill may lead to the death of several wildlife species.
• HUMAN HEALTH :-
The decrease in quality of air leads to several respiratory problems including
asthma or lung cancer. Chest pain, congestion, throat inflammation,
cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease are some of the diseases that can
be caused by air pollution. Water pollution occurs due to contamination of
water and may pose skin related problems including skin irritations and rashes.
Similarly, noise pollution leads to hearing loss, stress and sleep disturbance.
• GLOBAL WARMING :-
The emission of greenhouse gases particularly CO2 is leading to global
warming. Every other day new industries are being set up, new vehicles come
on roads and trees are cut to make way for new homes. All of them, in a direct or
indirect way, lead to an increase in CO2 in the environment. The increase in
CO2 leads to melting of polar ice caps which increases the sea level and pose
danger for the people living near coastal areas.
• OZONE LAYER DEPLETION:-
Ozone layer is the thin shield high up in the sky that stops ultraviolet rays from
reaching the earth. As a result of human activities, chemicals, such as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were released int to the atmosphere which
contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer.
 INFERTILE LAND :-
• Due to the constant use of insecticides and pesticides, the soil may become
infertile. Plants may not be able to grow properly. Various forms of chemicals
produced from industrial waste are released into the flowing water which also
affects the quality of the soil.
• Pollution not only affects humans by destroying their respiratory, cardiovascular
and neurological systems; it also affects the nature, plants, fruits, vegetables,
rivers, ponds, forests, animals, etc, on which they are highly dependent for
survival. It is crucial to control pollution as nature, wildlife and human life are
precious gifts to mankind.
WHAT CAN
BE
DONE ?
 Proper waste disposal and conservative management of our
resourcescould save our environment. Switching off vehicles during a
long hait , reusing plastic instead of littering them, using air conditioners
and refrigirators that are CFC free, prevent the use of detergents and
soaps in lakes and rivers, recycle paper and packaging materials and so
on.
SAVE ENVIRONMENT
SAVE THE PLANET