Matrix

Agenda Style
01 Gauss method 06 Invers matriks

02 Determinant matrix 07 Determinan hessian

03 Ekspansi laplace 08 Determinan ordo 3

04 Adjoint matriks 09 Hessian optimimasi

berkendala
05 Kaidah Cramer
 GAUSS METHOD
example
4𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 8𝑥3 = 36
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 14
4𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 9

4 4 8  x1  36 1 1 2   9 
1 2 3  x   14  1 2 3  14
   2      
4 1 1  x3   9  4 1 1   9 
𝟏
Multiply the first row by 𝟒 to get 1 on
position 𝒂𝟏𝟏
 GAUSS METHOD
example
4𝑥1 + 4𝑥2 + 8𝑥3 = 36
𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = 14
4𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 9
1 1 2   9 
1 2 3  14
4 4 8  x1  36    
1 2 3  x   14  4 1 1   9 
   2  
4 1 1  x3   9  1 1 2  9 
0 1 1  5 
decrease the second row with the    
first row 1 times 0  3  7   27 
decrease the third row with 4 times first row
 GAUSS METHOD

1 0 1 4
0 1 1  5 1 1 2   9 
    1 2 3  14
0 0 1 3    
1
multiply the third row by 4 to get 1 at position 𝑎33
4 1 1   9 

1 0 1   4  1 1 2  9 
0 1 1    5  0 1  5 
     1   
0 0  4  12 0  3  7   27 
add 3 times row 1 to line 3 minus 1 times the second line in the first l
 GAUSS METHOD

1 0 1 4
0 1 1  5 1 0 0 1 
    0 1 0    2 
0 0 1 3 Reduce second
row with third row    
0 0 1 3
Reduce third row with first row 1 times
1 time
1 0 1   4  Solutions obtained
0 1 1    5  𝑥1 = 1
    𝑥2 = 2
0 0  4  12 𝑥3 = 3
 Determinant matrix
second-order determinant third-order determinant (3x3)
(2x2)
Example
Example
1 2 0 1 2
2 9 a) 1 1 1 1 1
a) = 2(1) – 9(3)
3 1 2 4 6 2 4
= 2-27 = -25
4 10 [(1.1.6) + (2.1.2) + (0.1.4)] - [(0.1.2) + (1.1.4) + (2.1.6)]
b) = 4(5) – 10(2)
2 5 [ 6 + 4 + 0 ] – [ 0 + 4 + 12 ]
= 20 -20 = 0 10 – 16 = -6
 LAPLANCE EXPANTION
Consider the matrix

The determinant of this matrix can be

computed by using the Laplace expansion
along any one of its rows or columns. For
instance, an expansion along the first row
yields:

Laplace expansion along the second

column yields the same result:
 Adjoint matrix
Change the every element of 𝑎𝑖𝑗 to the cofactor of 𝐶𝑖𝑗
Example:

1 1 0 1 0 1
+ − +
2 0 5 2 3 1 3 1 2
0 5 2 5 2 0
0 1 1 − + −
2 3 1 3 1 2
1 2 3 0 5 2 5 2 0
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
 Adjoint matrix
Change the every element of 𝑎𝑖𝑗 to the cofactor of 𝐶𝑖𝑗
Example:

1 1 0 1 0 1
+ − +
2 0 5 2 3 1 3 1 2
0 5 2 5 2 0
0 1 1 − + −
2 3 1 3 1 2
1 2 3 0 5 2 5 2 0
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
 Adjoint matrix
Change the every element of 𝑎𝑖𝑗 to the cofactor of 𝐶𝑖𝑗
Example:

1 1 0 1 0 1
+ − +
2 0 5 2 3 1 3 1 2
0 5 2 5 2 0
0 1 1 − + −
2 3 1 3 1 2
1 2 3 0 5 2 5 2 0
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1
 Adjoint matrix
Change the every element of 𝑎𝑖𝑗 to the cofactor of 𝐶𝑖𝑗
Example:

1 1 0 1 0 1
+ − +
2 0 5 2 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 −1
0 1 1 −
0
2
5
3
+
2
1
5
3
−
2
1
0
2
= 10 1 −4
1 2 3 0 5 2 5 2 0 −5 −2 2
+ − +
1 1 0 1 0 1

So adj A = C’ = 1 10 −5
1 1 −2
−1 −4 2
 CRAMER
X + 2 y + 4x = 32 1 2 4 𝑥 32 With determinant =
4x +2y =30 4 2 0 𝑦 = 30 [(1.2.1)+(2.0.2)+(4.4.3)] -
2x + 3y +z =13 2 3 1 𝑧 13 [(2.2.4)+(1.0.3)+(1.4.2)] = 26

A) 32 2 4 B) 1 32 4 C) 1 2 32
30 2 0 4 30 0 4 2 30
13 3 1 2 13 1 2 3 13
With determinant = With determinant = With determinant =
[(32.2.1)+(2.0.13)+(4.30.3)]- [(1.30.1)+(32.0.2)+(4.4.13)]- [(1.2.13)+(2.30.2)+(32.4.3)]-
[(4.2.13)+(32.0.1)+(2.30.1)] [(4.30.2)+(32.4.1)+(1.0.13)] [(32.2.2)+(2.4.13)+(1.30.3)]
= 260 = -130 = 208
𝐴1 260 𝐴2 −130 𝐴3 208
X= = = 10 Y= = = −5 Z= = =8
𝐴 26 𝐴 26 𝐴 26