TRANSISTORS

P R E PA R E D BY:

M I K E DAV E N R . L A D E R A

M A RY M AU R E E N E N G L E
What is a Transistor?

• forms the basic building blocks of all

computer hardware.
• Semiconductors: ability to change from
conductor to insulator
• can either allow current or prohibit
current to flow
• useful as a switch, but also as an
amplifier
• essential part of many technological
advances
 Transistor as a Switch

Transistor Switch

• Transistors can either conduct or not conduct current.

ie, transistors can either be on or off.
 Transistor as an Amplifier

• Transistors are often used as amplifiers to increase input signal in radios, televisions and some other
applications.
• The circuit may be designed to increase the current or voltage level.
• The power gain is the product of current gain and voltage gain (P=VxI).
 Classification of a Transistors

BJT JFET MOSFET

(Bipolar Junction Transistor) (Junction Field Effect Transistors) (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistor)

BJT FET
Terminal Terminal
Base Gate
Collector Drain
Emitter Source
BJT Transistors:

NPN
Transistor Sandwiching a P-
type layer between
two n-type layers.

PNP
Sandwiching a N-
Transistor type layer between
two p-type layers.
 Field Effect Transistors

JFET MOSFET CMOS

How a JFET transistor works?

When the gate is negative ,it repels the When the negative voltage is removed
electron in the N-channel. So there is no from Gate ,the electrons can flow freely
way for electrons to flow from source to from source to drain so the transistor is
drain. on.
How a MOSFET Transistor works?
In MosFET, the Gate is insulated from p-channel or n-channel.
This prevents gate current from flowing, reducing power usage.

When the Gate is positive voltage ,it allows electrons to flow

from drain to source .In this case transistor is on.
How a CMOS transistor works?
N-channel & P-channel MOSFETs can be combined in pairs
with a common gate .

When Gate (input) is high ,electrons can flow When Gate (input) is low ,holes can flow in
in N-channel easily . So output becomes low. P-channel easily. So output becomes high.
(opposite of input) (opposite of input)
Other Types of Transistors
 Small Signal Transistors Small Switching Transistors

The basic function of small signal Small switching transistors are

transistors is to amplify small the transistors which are
signals even these transistors are primarily used for switching
used for switching purpose. Small after that also used for
signal transistors are used in amplification.
almost all types of electronic
equipments and also these
transistors are used in several
applications, some of them are
ON or OFF switches for general
use, LED diode driver, Relay
driver, Audio mute function,
Timer circuits, Infrared diode
amplifier, Bias supply circuits etc
High Frequency Transistors
High frequency transistors are
used for small signals which
operate at high frequencies and
these are used in high speed
switching applications. These are
mainly used in the applications of
high frequency signals and also
this transistors must be ON or
OFF at high speeds only.
Uni-junction Transistors
Uni-junction transistors are used
only as electrically controlled
switches. These transistors do not
contain any amplification
characteristics because of their
design. These are generally three
lead transistors.
 Power Transistors

The transistors which are used in the high power amplifiers and
power supplies are called as “power amplifiers”.

Photo Transistor
Photo transistors are the transistors which operate depending
on the light that means these transistors are light sensitive. The
general photo transistor is nothing but a bipolar transistor
which contains light sensitive area instead of base terminal.
THANKS!