The stress strain diagram is used to

determine how a certain material

will react
Theunder load.
Elastic behavior  within
this range of stress, the
material will return to its
original dimensions once
load, hence stress, has been
removed.
Plastic behavior  when the
load is removed the
material will not return to
its original dimensions.
Yield point  occurred
when large increase in
strain with no increase in
stress.
 Hooke’s law said that “ each increase in stress will produce
a proportionate increase in the strain”
  E
 = Stress
 = Strain
E = constant of proportionality
Include of modulus of elasticity, Young’s modulus,
tensile modulus, etc
 This modulus is an indication of the stiffness of the
material.
 Stiffness  ratio of the load to the deformation produce.
 Not all materials produce stress-strain diagram on which
there is a clear indication of the start of yielding as the load
is increased.
Ultimate Strength or Tensile Strength
 the maximum stress developed in a material
during a tensile test.
 good indicator of the presence of defects in the
crystal structure of a material
 not used too much in design because considerable
plastic deformation has occurred in reaching this
stress.
Yield Strength

 Indication of maximum stress that can be developed in

a material without causing plastic deformation.
 Generally, yield strength of metals is much higher than
that of other material
Graphic

• Offset for metals is

usually specified as 0.2%,
• Offset for plastics is
usually 2%.
• Offset  Practical
approximation of the
elastic limit
Resilience

Is a measured of the energy

per unit volume that
the material can absorb
without plastic deformation.
Shear Stress
 Symbol shear stress  
 Shearing force produce a shear stress in
material, result in a shearing deformation.
 in

h in
  = shear strain
  = deformation
 h= dimension
 modulus of rigidity or shear modulus
( G ) is the ratio of the two quantities.

G

 Hooke’s Law    G
G = the constant of proportionality or
shear modulus