Basics Of

Networking
 What is Networking?

• Networking is the collection of computers

communicating by a common transmission method
• Networks can be small with just two devices or
large consisting of thousands of devices.
• The purpose of the network is to share resources.
Networking
 Networking

• Includes
– Computers
– Servers
– Routers
– Wireless devices
– Etc.
• Purpose is to
transmit data
 Network Edge
• Network edge
includes
• Hosts
– Computers
– Laptops
– Servers
– Cell phones
– Etc., etc.
 Resources

• Resources consist of files, services, and hardware

devices.
• Sharing of files includes data and applications.
• Services are those functions provided to the
users to facilitate the work environment.
• Hardware resources include modems, hubs,
bridges (switches) and routers as well as shared
devices like servers, printers, and scanners.
 • A computer network can be two computers
connected:
 

• A computer network can

also consist of, and is
usually made for, more
than two computers:

 
Purpose
 Purpose
• Computer networks can be used for several purposes:
• Facilitating communications. Using a network, people can
communicate efficiently and easily via email, instant messaging,
chat rooms, telephone, video telephone calls, and video
conferencing.
• Sharing hardware. In a networked environment, each
computer on a network may access and use hardware
resources on the network, such as printing a document on a
shared network printer.
• Sharing files, data, and information. In a network
environment, authorized user may access data and information
stored on other computers on the network. The capability of
providing access to data and information on shared storage
devices is an important feature of many networks.
• Sharing software. Users connected to a network may run
application programs on remote computers
Types Of Networks
 Types Of Network

1. Local Area Network [LAN]

2. Metropolitan Area Network [MAN]
3. Wide Area Network [WAN]
 Local Area Network [LAN]
• LAN enables hosts to communicate directly
using a common physical medium.
• It is connected to each other with point to
point basis.
• It does not required any intermediate
switching node.
 Local Area Network [LAN]
• LAN is a System composed of Computer
Hardware and transmission media, software.
• LAN are privately owned networks within a
single building or a campus of few kilometre
range.
• It provides easy access to each resources
within the office.
• Resources such as printers, electronic files and
databases, disks etc.
Basic Diagram of LAN
 LAN can provide:
• Flexibility (connect devices from multiple vendors)
• Reliable (having multiple source of supply)
• Speed
• Security
• Centralized Management
• Hardware and software sharing
• Access to other LAN and WAN
Basic Diagram of LAN

Bus LAN Ring LAN

 Attributes of LAN
• The LAN transmits data between user stations
and computer.
• The LAN transmission capacity is more than 1
Mbps.
• The LAN channel is typically owned by the
organization using the facility.
• The geographical coverage of LAN’s is limited
to areas less than 5 sq. km
 Attributes of LAN
• Data transfer speeds over a local area network can
reach up to 10 Mbps.
• A local area network can reach as many as 100, or
even 1000, users.
• By expanding the definition of a LAN to the services
that it provides, two different operating modes can be
defined:
• In a "peer-to-peer" network, in which communication
is carried out from one computer to another, without a
central computer, and where each computer has the
same role.
• in a "client/server" environment, in which a central
computer provides network services to users.
Broadcast Network Point-to-Point Network
 Networking Concepts
• Topology : The geometric arrangement of devices on
the network. E.g. devices can be arranged in a ring or
in a straight line.
• Protocols : The rules and encoding specification for
sending data. It also determine whether the network
uses Peer-to-Peer or Client/Server architecture.
• Media : Devices can be connected by different
transmission mediums. E.g. twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cables or fiber optic cables.
Metropolitan Area Network [MAN]
• WANs are used to connect various LANs together.
• MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks) connect
multiple geographically nearby LANs to one another
at high speeds.
• A MAN is made from switches or routers connected
to one another with high-speed links (usually fibre
optic cables).
Basic Diagram of MAN
Different Types of Networks
 Attributes Of MAN
• It provides data transfer rates from 34 to 150
Mbps.
• Man are based on fiber optic transmission
technology
• It provides high speed interconnection
between sites.
 Wide Area Network [WAN]
• WANs are used to connect various LANs
together.
• WAN provides long distance transmission of
data and voice.
• A network that covers larger area such as a
city, state, country or the world is called Wide
Area Network.
 Wide Area Network [WAN]
• WAN contains collection of host and collection
of machines.
• All the hosts are connected to each other
through communication Subnet.
• Subnets carries messages from host to host.
• Subnet consist of transmission lines and
switching elements.
 Wide Area Network [WAN]
• Switching element select proper outgoing line
for incoming data and forward the data on
that line.
• Switching elements are also called as Routers.
• And Routers are also called as Packet
switching nodes.
 Basic Diagram of WAN
Router
LAN 3
Subnet
LAN 1

LAN 2
LAN 4
Basic Diagram of WAN
Wide Area Network [WAN]
Differentiate between the three types of computer
networks