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“Engineering of Systems”
Systems engineering:
Scale & Complexity
Machine to Machine in F1
Key Systems Engineering Functions Verification and
Validation
Project Requirements
Objectives Development Architecture
and and and Design
Constraints Management
“The objective of systems engineering is to see to it that the system is designed, built, and
operated so that it accomplishes its purpose in the most cost-effective way possible, considering
performance, cost, schedule and risk.”
NASA Systems Engineering Handbook SP6105
5
Overview
• System Engineer raises the question of how deep that
understanding of a broad knowledge needs to be in
the development of a complex system
• System Engineer must recognize such factors as
program risks, technological performance limits,
and interfacing requirements, and make trade-off
analyses among design alternatives.
• System building block provide an important insight by
examining the structural hierarchy of modern systems.
What Characterizes Complexity?
• Complex: composed of interconnected or interwoven parts.
– A complex system may consist of a small number of parts
connected in complicated ways.
– A large number of disconnected parts is not complex system,
for example a large collection of books.
– The items that distinguish a complex system from a collection of
parts are the connections.
– The manifestation of a complex system is the dependence upon the
interfaces and hierarchy. Therefore, we need to subdivide the
complexity.
System Design Hierarchy
System Environment
• The system primarily consists of inputs, outputs, and
controls.
• Inputs, outputs, and controls determine external entities &
interactions.
10
System/
Functional Options
Domain of the
Systems Engineering
Subsystem
Component/
Building Blocks
Subcomponents
Domain of the
Technical Specialist
Parts
13
System Interfaces
System Interface are a critical systems
engineering:
- Effect interactions between components
- Require identification, specification, coordination,
and control
- Require that test interfaces be provided for
integration and
maintenance
- Include elements that connect, isolate, or convert
interactions
14
Weather map
system
Controller Controller
Accounting info. system consoles
system
Activity logging
system
17
Inter-disciplinary involvement
Software Electronic Mechanical
engineering engineering engineering
Civil Electrical
Architecture
engineering engineering
18
Street
Building
Heating Power Water
system system system
Security Lighting Waste
system system system
20
The Approaches
21
The Approaches
22
Managing Requirements
• Decomposition techniques create “chunks” that can be
handled by design teams and eventually individual
designers
23
System lifecycle
• System engineering process & approach, as well as
system evolution motivate system lifecycle
• There are various model of system lifecycle
25
System lifecycle
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