Internet- a global computer network providing

a variety of information and communication

facilities, consisting of interconnected networks
using standardized communication protocols.
Who Owns the Internet?
 No one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or organization
controls the Internet in its entirety.
-No one actually owns the Internet, and no single person or
organization controls the Internet in its entirety. The Internet is more of a
concept than an actual tangible entity, and it relies on a physical
infrastructure that connects networks to other networks.
 Owning Pieces of Infrastructure
-There are many organizations, corporations, governments, schools,
private citizens and service providers that all own pieces of the
infrastructure, but there is no one body that owns it all. There are,
however, organizations that oversee and standardize what happens on the
Internet and assign IP addressess and domain names, such as the National
Science Foundation, the Internet Engineeringg Task
Force, ICANN, InterNIC and the Internet Architecture Board.
History of Internet
The Internet’s origin have their roots in a military project, the Semi Automatic
Ground Environment (SAGE) program, which networked country-wide radar
systems together for the first time. This was created around 1958 as part of an
attempt to regain the lead in technology from the Soviet Union which had
recently launched Sputnik.
J.C.R Licklider was selected to head the committee which controlled the SAGE
project. He envisioned universal networking as a unifying human revolution.
Licklider recruited Lawrence Roberts to head a project which implemented a
network. Roberts had worked with the U.S. Air Force on a packet
switching system as opposed to a circuit switching system.
•Internet users is consist of different people like students,
workers, child, adult. There are about 4,536,248,808 users in
the whole world in June 30, 2019
Components
DSL Modem–
This converts digital signals into analogue signals that are
suitable for sending over a telephone line. It is usually built
into the Internet/broadband router and not normally purchased
as a separate component.

DSL/Broadband Filter
Used to filter out DSL signals from telephone signals so that
you can access the internet and use the telephone
simultaneously.
Firewall and NAT Router
A firewall functions like a router except that it blocks traffic from the
external network according to user configured rules.
A firewall protects your home/small business network computers
and devices from intruders on the Internet.
It effectively acts like a one way digital gate blocking access to your
network from devices on the Internet, but at the same time allowing
devices on your network to connect to devices on the Internet.
Small networks use a firewall/NAT router combination in which a
single device acts as a NAT router and firewall.
NAT effectively isolates your home network from the Internet.
Computer Firewalls –
If you are using Windows XP (or above) then you also will have firewall on
your computer.
This firewall is less secure than the one built into your router/hub but it is
normal to leave it enabled on your computers.
When you install applications e.g. Skype you will find that they change the
firewall settings.

ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)-

Internet connection sharing allows you to share an Internet connection with
other computers on a Local/home Network.
It requires that one computer be designated as the sharing computer (the
computer with the Internet connection).
This computer functions effectively as a NAT Router, and must be left
switched on for the other computers to access the Internet.
This configuration is not normally used anymore.
Internet protocols
TCP/IP
TCP/IP is a stream protocol. This means that a connection is negiotated between a client
and a server. Any data transmitted between these two endpoints is guaranteed to
arrive, thus it is a so-called lossless protocol. Since the TCP protocol (as it is also
refered to in short form) can only connect two endpoints, it is also called a peer-to-
peer protocol.
HTTP
HTTP is the protocol used to transmit all data present on the World Wide Web. This
includes text, multimedia and graphics. It is the protocol used to transmit HTML, the
language that makes all the fancy decorations in your browser. It works upon
TCP/IP.
FTP
FTP is the protocol used to transmit files between computers connected to each
other by a TCP/IP network, such as the Internet.
Web - Browser Types

 Internet Explorer
 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Safari
 Opera
 Konqueror
 Lynx
Netiquette
"Netiquette" refers to Internet etiquette.
•Keep your software/apps updated and delete the ones you don’t use.
•Be careful when dealing with emails from unknown sources
• Don’t click that link or online ad
•Just because it’s free, it doesn’t mean it’s safe
•Do not reveal sensitive information online
•Keep your account information for yourself
•Report illegal activities or offending content
•What you post online stays online forever
•Use antivirus protection before you go online
•Create back-up copies for your important stuff
Basic Internet Terms
Browser
A piece of software such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer that allows a
computer to access and display documents, view pictures, hear sound, and view video
clips from the World Wide Web.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

The standard method for downloading and uploading files over the Internet. With FTP, you can
login to a server and transfer files (meaning you can "send" or "receive" files).

E-mail
Mail that's electronically transmitted by your computer. As opposed to snail mail, e-
mail sends your messages instantaneously, anywhere in the world. It has the
capability to send messages at any time and to anyone.
Homepage
The first page that is viewed when the browser starts. It is also the page of a Web site
that provides the introduction or content with links.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

The abbreviation for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the set of rules by which Web
pages are transferred across the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP) Address

The Internet is composed of local, regional, national, and worldwide computer
networks. Each computer on the Internet can be identified by a set of unique
numbers that is called an internet protocol (IP) address. The IP address is composed
of four different numbers separated by periods such as 205.134.120.60.
TelNet
A terminal emulation protocol (or Internet program) used to connect a
computer to a remote host or server. Telnet is one of the oldest Internet
activities and is primarily used to access online databases or to read articles
stored on university servers.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

An addressing scheme that is used on the Internet to locate resources and/or services
on the World Wide Web. Basically the URL is the address of a computer file that has
been put on a computer server to access the Internet.

Web Page
A single hypertext file or a page that is part of a Web site.

Website
A collection of World Wide Web pages or files.