Menulis Artikel Ilmiah

Fresy Nugroho
Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik
Ibrahim Malang
2019
Mengapa MENULIS ARTIKEL :
• Scientific communication.
• Ideal protection of intellectual property.
• Legal protection of intellectual property.
• Gain of reputation is certainly desirable.
• Thinking in economic measures, “sale to
achieve high prices” may be transformed to
“publish to achieve many citations” (economic
theory of science).
Mengapa……
• You have some results that are worth
reporting.
• You want to progress scientific thought.
• You want your work to reach a broad audience.
• You will improve your chance of promotion.
• It is unethical to conduct a study and not report
the findings.
Organisasi Artikel :
Title (JUDUL) :
• identify the main issue of the paper
• are accurate, unambiguous, specific, and
complete,
• do not contain abbreviations (unless they are
well known by the target audience, such as
WWW or CPU), and
• attract readers.
• 12-15 words
Abstract (Abstrak)
• An informative abstract extracts everything
relevant from the paper, Such as :
• primary research objectives addressed,
• methods employed in solving the problems,
• results obtained, and conclusions drawn.
• 150 – 300 words
 Abstract (Abstrak)
1. Motivation: Why do we care about the problem
and the results?
2. Problem statement: What problem is the paper
trying to solve and what is the scope of the work?
3. Approach: What was done to solve the problem?
4. Results: What is the answer to the problem?
5. Conclusions: What implications does the answer
imply?
Introduction (Pendahuluan)
Establish a territory
(Tetapkan sebuah wilayah)
Establish a niche
(Membangun ceruk)
Occupy the niche
(Menempati ceruk)
1. Establish a territory
(Tetapkan sebuah wilayah)
a) bring out the importance of the
subject and/or
b) make general statements about the
subject and/or
c) present an overview on current
research on the subject.
2. Establish a niche
(Membangun ceruk)
a) oppose an existing assumption or
b) reveal a research gap or
c) formulate a research question or
problem or
d) continue a tradition.
3. Occupy the niche
(Menempati ceruk)
• sketch the intent of the own work
and/or
• outline important characteristics of the
own work;
• outline important results;
• give a brief outlook on the structure of
the paper.
 17-18 Oktober 2019

• Refresh :
– Judul
– Abstrak
–Pendahuluan
Judul :
Contoh :
Abstrak :
Jebakan dalam Abstrak yang harus di hindari
 Structure of a scientific paper
Introduction
• Start the section with a general background of the topic.
• Add 2-3 paragraphs that discuss previous work.
• Point out issues that are being addressed in the present work.
Experimental Section
• Divide this section into Materials & Methods, Characterization,
Measurements and Data analysis
Results and Discussion (These two sections can be combined or
separate)
• Describe the results in detail and include a healthy, detailed
discussion
• The order of figures should follow the discussion themes and not
the sequence they were conducted
• Discuss how your data compare or contrast with previous results.
• Include schemes, photographs to enhance the scope of discussion
Conclusions
• Include major findings followed by brief discussion on future
• perspectives and/or application of present work to other disciplines.
• Important: Do not rewrite the abstract.
• Statements with “Investigated” or “Studied” are not conclusions!
Acknowledgments
• Remember to thank the funding agency and
• Colleagues/scientists/technicians who might have provided assistance
References
• The styles vary for different journals. (Use Mendeley, Zotero)
Supporting Information
• Include methods, analysis, blank experiments, additional data
 Pendahuluan :
• Provide the necessary background
information to put your work into context :
– Review of the problems that will be addressed
through the methodology
– General definition or overview of the approach and
whether it has been used before or is novel
– Description of how the data will be collected and
analyzed
– In brief terms, what was achieved
(Lanjutan Pendahuluan)…
(Lanjutan Pendahuluan)…
 (Lanjutan Pendahuluan)…
• Introduce your topic.
• Create some context and background.
• Tell your reader about the research you
plan to carry out.
• State your rationale.
• Explain why your research is important.
• State your hypothesis.
(Lanjutan Pendahuluan)…
 Metodologi :
• The Methodology
section should be
the bulk of the
paper and it must
provide sufficient
information so that
a knowledgeable
reader can
reproduce the
experiment
 (Lanjutan Metodologi)
1. Define the population and the methods of sampling
2. Describe the instrumentation
3. Describe the procedures and if relevant, the time
frame
4. Describe the analysis plan
5. Describe any approaches to ensure validity and
reliability
6. State any assumptions
7. Describe the scope and limitations of the
methodology
Results :
 Results :
the results of your work
can be given in graphs,
tables, equations or
images. Why, then, should
you bother to write a
Results section? Why not
simply provide good, clear
graphs or tables with
good, clear titles and
perhaps a few notes
underneath each?
 Results :
• Often consists of applying the methodology to
a case study
(Lanjutan Results)
(Lanjutan Results)
Discussion :
Discussion :
Conclusion :

• Put your study into CONTEXT

• Describe how it represents an advance in
the field
• Suggest future applications
• Suggest areas of future research
 (Lanjutan Conclusion)
BUT
• Avoid repetition with other
sections
• Avoid being overly speculative
• Don’t over-emphasize the impact
of your study
Contoh Conclusion :
Better to avoid:
• Downplaying negative results and deeming them
significant when there is no proof, making
statements based on personal opinion without
scientific support.

Example:
“Although the statistical analysis did not provide a
reasonable level of significance, we believe that
the methodology is a valid approach towards the
design of new wastewater treatment facilities. In
fact, we argue that these methods could be adopted
to the design of any treatment system worldwide.”
References :
 References.
• American Psychological Association (APA)
Style,
• Chicago Style,
• Council of Biology Editors (CBE) Style,
• Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
• IEEE Style
Contoh Pendahuluan
The synthesis of flexible polymer blends from
polylactide and rubber
1) Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in
recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which
offer important economic benefits.
2) PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is produced
by the polymerization of lactide.
3) It has many possible uses in the biomedical field and
has also been investigated as a potential engineering
material.
4) However, it has been found to be too weak under
impact to be used commercially
5) One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a
layer of rubber particles and there has been
extensive research regarding the rubber modification
of PLA.
6) For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA
composites could be prepared using blending
techniques and more recently, Hillier established the
toughness of such composites.
7) However, although the effect of the rubber particles
on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems
was demonstrated over two years ago, little attention
has been paid to the selection of an appropriate
rubber component.
8) The present paper presents a set of
criteria for selecting such a component.
9) On the basis of these criteria it then
describes the preparation of a set of
polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-
carbon rubber(PI).
10)This combination of two
mechanistically distinct polymerizations
formed a novel copolymer in which the
incorporation of PI significantly
increased flexibility.
 The synthesis of flexible polymer blends from
polylactide and rubber
1) Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in
recent years due to its biodegradable properties,
which offer important economic benefits.
2) PLA is a polymer obtained from corn and is
produced by the polymerization of lactide.
3) It has many possible uses in the biomedical field
and has also been investigated as a potential
engineering material.
4) However, it has been found to be too weak under
impact to be used commercially
5) One way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a
layer of rubber particles and there has been
extensive research regarding the rubber
modification of PLA.
6) For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA
composites could be prepared using blending
techniques and more recently, Hillier established
the toughness of such composites.
7) However, although the effect of the rubber
particles on the mechanical properties of
copolymer systems was demonstrated over two
years ago, little attention has been paid to the
selection of an appropriate rubber component.
8) The present paper presents a set of criteria
for selecting such a component.
9) On the basis of these criteria it then
describes the preparation of a set of
polymer blends using PLA and a hydro-
carbon rubber(PI).
10)This combination of two mechanistically
distinct polymerizations formed a novel
copolymer in which the incorporation of PI
significantly increased flexibility.
Metodology :
 Changes in the chemistry of groundwater in
the chalk of the London Basin
1) The current investigation involved
sampling and analyzing six sites to
measure changes in groundwater
chemistry.
2) The sites were selected from the London
Basin area, which is located in the south-
east of England and has been frequently
used to interpret groundwater evolution.
3) A total of 18 samples was collected and then
analyzed for the isotopes mentioned earlier.
4) Samples 1–9 were collected in thoroughly-
rinsed 25 ml brown glass bottles which were
filled to the top and then sealed tightly to
prevent contamination.
5) The filled bottles were shipped directly to two
separate laboratories at Reading University,
where they were analyzed using standard
methods suitably miniaturized to handle small
quantities of water.
6) Samples 10–18 were prepared in our
laboratory using a revised version of
the precipitation method established
by the ISF Institute in Germany.
7) This method obtains a precipitate
through the addition of BaCl 2.
2H2O; the resulting precipitate can
be washed and stored easily.
8) The samples were subsequently
shipped to ISF for analysis by
accelerator mass spectrometry
(AMS).
9) All tubing used was stainless steel,
and although two samples were at
risk of CFC contamination as a
result of brief contact with plastic,
variation among samples was
negligible.