Lecture-2 1

CECOS University of IT
&
Emerging Sciences

Mechanical Engineering
Instrumentation and Control Systems
BY
Engr.M Irfan Khan
2
• What is a control system?
• Classification of control system (based on
configuration).
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Open loop and
closed loop control systems.
• Purpose of control systems.
• Naturally occurring control systems
• Analysis and Design objectives of control system.
• Components of control systems
• Generalized block diagram of a control systems.
 Disturbance

Controlled Manipulated
Set-point Error Signal Variable
or
Reference Actual
input + + Output
+
+ Controller Actuator + Process
-

Sensor
Feedback Signal
• Steering control system.
• Cruise control system.
• Glucose Regulation control system.
• Thermostat control system.
• Toilet Flush control system.
• Antenna azimuth angle positioning.
 • input: desired speed
• output: actual speed
• error: desired speed minus
measured speed
• disturbance: wind, hills, etc.
• controller: cruise control unit
• actuator: engine
• plant: vehicle dynamics
• sensor: speedometer
wind,
hills

desired cruise actual

engine vehicle
speed control speed

speedo-
meter
 • input: desired blood glucose
• output: actual blood glucose
• error: desired minus measured
blood glucose
• disturbance: eating, fasting, etc.
Disturbances??
• controller: a and b cells
• actuator: glucose storing or
releasing tissues
• plant: glucose metabolism
• sensor: a and b cells (again)
eating,
fasting

desired a&b glucose glucose actual

glucose cells tissues metabol. glucose

a&b
cells
 • Set thermostat to desired room temperature
• Thermostat measures room temperature
• Furnace or AC turn on if measured <> desired
• Air from furnace or AC changes room air temperature
external
Disturbances?? air

desired thermo- furnace actual

room air
temp. stat or AC temp.

thermo-
stat
• Float height determines desired water level
• Flush empties tank, float is lowered and valve
opens
• Open valve allows water to enter tank
• Float returns to desired level and valve closes

flush
Disturbances??
desired water actual
float valve
level tank level

float
 Antenna azimuth, Positioning

System concept
 Antenna azimuth, Positioning
Detailed layout
Antenna azimuth, Positioning
Schematic diagram
Antenna azimuth, Positioning
Functional block diagram
 Your Turn…. Now
Draw block diagram for FAN
speed control…RPM control
Thank you