COMMUNICATION

FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES

SOLIDUM, CAMILLE GENE O.

DORMITORIO, KIMBERLEE
CATAYLO, MARYGRACE
CASERES, MACKEY

BSOA 2-1
 A. PURPOSES
1. TO INFORM
- the main purpose of informative or expository
communication or writing is to simply convey information
factually.
- Answer the primary questions:
- WHO
- WHAT
- WHEN
- WHERE
- WHY
- HOW
 In any informative discourse, you have to draw
information from your prior knowledge and support it
with facts from primary and secondary sources.

Examples:
• Teaching a group of product managers about new
developments in technology
• Training a new set of sales representatives
• Giving progress reports
• Most newspaper articles and magazine entries
TIPS:
A. STICK TO THE FACTS
- you have to properly document your claims based on the
various sources that you have used.
B. AVOID REPETITION
- avoid repetition of facts presented.
C. MAKE IT CLEAR
- you just have to follow the basic paragraph pattern
• Introduce your subject
• Develop it through your examples
• Give details that will lead the reader to your relevant conclusion
2. TO PERSUADE
- pushing across an idea and convincing people or readers to
support the idea you want to convey.
- this kind of discourse requires you to be mindful of your
choice of words.
Examples:
• Selling
• An accountant trying to convince management to adopt a different
procedure for reporting expenditures
• A student leader trying to convince other students to vote in favor of
their student party.
TIPS:
a. Be objective, but subjective
- make sure that your subjective point is coming across but you
always have to make sure that what you want to convey is backed up
by objective claims from sources.
b. Use your brain, not your heart
- writing with pure emotions may make your presentation too
subjective and the readers may think that you as a speaker/writer,
have your own prejudices.
c. Cite
- always cite and annotate your sources
- always give credit where credit is due
3. TO ENTERTAIN
• is a form of activity that holds the attention and
interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and
delight. It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely
to be one of the activities or events that have
developed over thousands of years specifically for
the purpose of keeping an audience's attention.
4. TO ARGUE
- it tries to make the listeners/readers believe that your idea is
better based on the various reasons you have at hand.
- it is logical and reasoned way to demonstrate one’s point of
view.
- you need to make a claim and defend it by supporting it with
facts and evidences from varied and credible sources
Examples:
• Debate
• Miting de Avance
TIPS:
A. IT IS A ONE WAY DEBATE
- you have to make sure that your claim is bulletproof –
whatever counterclaim you assume that can be made should be
addressed to your work
B. MOVE THE READER TO ACTION
- your work should answer these following questions: What
now if I convince the reader with my assertion? Will there be a
change in mind? Would it make the reader let go of previous ideas?
C. END WITH A PUNCH
- Using a conclusion to point out the importance or necessity
of your claim will change the mind of your audience to support
your assertion
B. PUBLIC SPEAKING

A way of making your ideas public – sharing them with

other people and influencing other people

Differences between conversation and public speaking,

according to Lucas (2015):
1. Public speaking is more highly structured
2. Public speaking requires more formal language
3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery
 Ways in Delivering a Speech

1. READ SPEECH
- Reading from a manuscript. The material used is either
printed or written out (Ex. Valedictory address, President’s State
of the Nation Address)

2. MEMORIZED SPEECH
- the recitation of a written message that the speaker has
memorized (Ex. Actors performing in a stage play, television
series)
3. IMPROMPTU SPEECH
- it is not rehearsed. It is a presentation of a short message
without prior preparation

4. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
- the presentation of a planned and rehearsed speech using
minimal notes. It involves writing and editing an outline used to
keep your ideas in order
The topic in extemporaneous speech is given
before the day of presentation or a few hours or
minutes .
(Ex. Oral defenses)
 In Writing a Speech
Guidelines on developing a speech, Lucas (2015):

1. FOCUS ON YOUR TOPIC – be sure to focus on your

presentation so it conforms to the assigned time limit

2. DEVELOP YOUR TOPIC – think of ways to structure the

speech so it will be interesting and meaningful to your audience

3. ORGANIZE YOUR SPEECH – a speech has three main

parts, namely:
a. Introduction
b. Body
c. Conclusion
 Elements to Consider for a Good Speech Delivery
1. VOLUME – adjust your voice to the acoustic of the room,
the size of the audience, and the level of the background noise
2. PITCH – use varied inflections of pitch. Some words need to
be delivered in high pitch, while some in low
3. RATE – avoid speaking too slowly or too fast
4. PAUSES – pause at the end of a thought unit, when you want
time for an idea to sink in, or to lend dramatic impact to a
statement
5. VOCAL VARIETY – change in rate, pitch, and volume
once in a while and appropriately to give your voice interest and
expressiveness
6. PRONUNCIATION – In case of doubt about proper
pronunciation of certain words, consult an expert or a
dictionary
7. ARTICULATION – articulate every vowel, syllable, and
word properly
8. MOVEMENT – do not stand rigidly and expressionless
from beginning to end. Move but control your movements
9. GESTURES – avoid over choreographed gestures. Think
about communication with your audience and your gestures
will take care of themselves
10. EYE CONTACT – It is not enough to just look at your
audience , how you look at them also counts.