Electromagnetic Waves


 Waves… a review
 Most waves are either longitudinal or
transverse.
 Sound waves are longitudinal.
 But all electromagnetic waves are
transverse…
 ?

?
 Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
 They are Transverse waves without a
medium. (They can travel through a
vacuum).
 They travel as vibrations in electrical and
magnetic fields.
 Speed of electromagnetic waves = speed of
light: 300,000,000 meters/second
(Takes light 8 minutes to move from the sun to earth {150 million miles} at
this speed.)
 NOTE
 Electric field and the magnetic field of an
electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to
each other and to the direction of motion
of the wave.
 James Clerk Maxwell discover the
electromagnetic Waves.
 In a vacuum or air or electromagnetic
waves travel at a common speed .
 When an electric field changes, so does the
magnetic field. When one field vibrates—so does
the other.
 RESULT-
 An electromagnetic

wave.

 Click here  Animation: Interaction of

vibrating charges
Waves or Particles
 Electromagnetic radiation has properties of
waves but also can be thought of as a stream
of particles.
 Example: Light
 Light as a wave: Light behaves as a
transverse wave which we can filter using
polarized lenses.
 A “particle” of light is called a photon
Waves of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
 Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of
electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing
frequency
 Click here (Animation—Size of EMwaves)
INFRARED ULTRAVIOLET GAMMA
RADIO
RAYS RAYS RAYS
WAVES
VISIBLE LIGHT X-RAYS
MICROWAVES
 RADIO WAVES
 A. Have the longest wavelengths and
lowest frequencies of all the
electromagnetic waves.
 B. A radio picks up radio waves through an
antenna and converts it to sound waves.
 C. Each radio station in an area broadcasts
at a different frequency. # on radio dial tells
frequency.
 D. MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING)
 Uses Short wave radio waves with a magnet to
create an image
 Types of Frequency
Frequency Frequency range Common Appilcations
Low Frequency 30 -300 khz Long distance and
communication
Medium Frequency 300-3000 khz Am radio broadcasting
High Frequency 3-30 mhz Short waves
broadcasting use in
building access public
transportation and
electronic payment
Very High Frequency 30-300 mhz Fm radio broadcasting
Ultra High Frequency 300-3000 mhz Police radio
communication military
aircraft
MRI of the Brain
AM=Amplitude modulation—waves bounce off
ionosphere can pick up stations from different
cities.

+
FM=Frequency modulation—waves travel in a
straight line & through the ionosphere--lose
reception when you travel out of range.

+
What is RADAR?

RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING

(Used to find the speed of an object
by sending out radio waves and
measuring the time it takes them to
return.)
 MICROWAVES
 Microwaves—have the shortest wavelengths
and the highest frequency of the radio
waves.
 Used in microwave ovens.
 Waves transfer energy to the water in the food
causing them to vibrate which in turn transfers
energy in the form of heat to the food.
 Used by cell phones and pagers.
 It uses 2.45 GHz. To cook food.
 Microwaves used in medical field.
 Microwave tomography used to monitor progress
 INFRARED RAYS
 Infrared= below red
 Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than
microwaves.
 You can feel the longest ones as warmth on your skin
 Heat lamps give off infrared waves.
 Warm objects give off more heat energy than cool
objects.
 Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of
different temperatures in the body. Temperatures
are calculated by the amount of infrared radiation
given off. Therefore people give off infrared rays.
Night vision
goggles
Remote controls
 VISIBLE LIGHT
 Shorter wavelength and higher frequency
than infrared rays.
 Electromagnetic waves we can see.
 Longest wavelength= red light
 Shortest wavelength= violet (purple) light
 When light enters a new medium it bends
(refracts: we’ll talk about this tomorrow). Each
wavelength bends a different amount allowing
white light to separate into its various colors
ROYGBIV.
One source of visible light is LASER

LASER is LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY

STIMULATED EMISSION OF
RADIATION.

LASER light used in may medical

procedures such as optical imaging
surgery ,endoscopy and treatment.
 ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
 Shorter wavelength and higher
frequency than visible light
 Carry more energy than visible light
 Used to kill bacteria. (Sterilization of
equipment)
 Causes your skin to produce vitamin D
(good for teeth and bones)
 Causes Sun burn
 Some animals can see in UV (bees)
 Ultraviolet (cont.)
UVA UVB and UVC

Energy Highest of UV Lower than UVA

waves

Health  Extremely low  Can cause DNA

risks risk for DNA damage, leading to
damage skin cancer
 Can destroy  Responsible for
Vitamin A in skin sunburn
 X- RAYS
 *Shorter wavelength and higher frequency
than UV-rays
 *Carry a great amount of energy
 *Can penetrate most matter.
 Bones and teeth absorb x-rays. (The light part of an x-ray
image indicates a place where the x-ray was absorbed)
 Too much exposure can cause cancer
 (lead vest at dentist protects organs from unnecessary exposure)
 Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in structures.
 The rays pass through the cracks and the cracks appear dark on
film.
 X rays is also called as Roentgen rays
.Letter x is commonly known to represents
an unknown quantity.
 Can pentrate soft substance
 Xrays used in airports security checks to
see the inside of passenger’s luggage.
 GAMMA RAYS
 Shorter wavelength and higher frequency
than X-rays
 Carry the greatest amount of energy and
penetrate the most.
 Used in radiation treatment to kill cancer
cells.
 Can be very harmful if not used correctly.
 Gamma Rays
 They are produced by the hottest and
most energetic objects in the universe ,
such as neutron stars and pulsars,
supernova explosions, and regions around
black holes.
 On Earth, gamma waves are generated by
nuclear explosions, lightning, and the less
dramatic activity of radioactive decay.
 GAMMA RAYS
 Discover by Paul Villard in 1900
 Highly penetrating
 Gamma rays used to destroy cancer cells
 PNRI or Philippine Nuclear Reserch Institute
is the government agency that overseas the
safe and peaceful use of high energy
radiation.
 Radioactive material that is implanted to the
body is called brachytherapy
 Brief SUMMARY
 A. All electromagnetic waves travel at the
same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second
in a vacuum.
 B. They all have different wavelength and
different frequencies.
 Long wavelength-lowest frequency
 Short wavelength highest frequency
 The higher the frequency the higher the
energy.
 Written Work #1
1.Which of the Ff is not true of all
electromagnetic waves?
a.They are transverse waves
b.They cannot travel in a vacuum
c.They are produced by accelerating
charges?
d.They have magnetic as well as electric
components.
2.which of the ff.is true for an electromagnetic
waves?
 A.the electric field and magnetic field are
perpendicular to each other and parallel to the
direction of wave propagation.
 B.the electric field and magnetic field are
perpendicular to each other and to the direction of
wave propagation.
 C. the electric field and magnetic field are parallel
to each other and to the direction of wave
propagation.
 D.the electric field and magnetic field are parallel to
each other and perpendicular to the direction of
wave propagation.
3.Among the electromagnetic waves which has the highest
energy?
 A.gamma rays
 B.microwaves
 C.radio waves
 D.x rays

4.In radio broadcasting AM stands for

a. aftermorning
b.amplitude modeling
c.Amplitude modulation
d.Ante meridian
5.which of the ff ranges of frequency in radio waves is used by
FM RADIOS?
 A.low frequency
 B.medium frequency
 C.ultra high frequency
 D.very high frequency

6.The letter S in the acronym laser stands for?

a.Simulated
b.Simultaneous
c.Spontaneous
d.stimulated
7.Among the different colors of visible light
which has the longest wave length ?
a.Blue
b.Green
c.Orange
d.Red
8.Which does not belong to the group?
a.Infrared waves
b.Microwaves
c.Soundwaves
d.X rays
9.which of the ff. is ionizing radiation
 a.microwave
 b.radio wave
 C.visible light
 d.x ray

10.Which government is in charge with the safe use of ionizing

radiation?
a.PNRI
b.DOST
c.PHIVOLCS
d.PAGASA
11.which type of EM Waves is used in MRI?
 A.gamma radiation
 B.microwaves
 C.radio waves
 D.x ray
 12.Which of the ff electromagnetic waves is
used to check baggage in airports as part
of security measures?
 A.gamma radiation
 B.microwaves
 C.radio waves
 D.x ray
13. Heated objects produce light through process known as.
a.Bioluminiscence
b.Incandescence
c.Luminiscence
d.Phosphorescence
14.What is common among EM waves?
a.Energy
b.Frequency
c. Speed in vacuum
d.wavelength
 15.What do we call the process where a radioactive material
is implanted in a tumor?
 A.brachytheraphy?
 B.computed axial tomography?
 C.endoscopy
 D.MRI
 16 Give the meaning LASER
 17Give the meaning of RADAR
 18. What EM waves has the longest wavelength?
 19. What EM waves has the shortest wavelength
 20 what is the speed of Em waves?