Associate Prof.

Fathya Abdelrazek
Former Member of Strategic Plan Committee SCU& PSU.
International Journal Peer Reviewer
Recognition by Who's Who in the World, MARQUIS WHO'S WHO, 2012, USA
Recognition as a Leading Health Professionals of the world 2013, IBC, England

Planning
Definition
Definition:
Planning is the process
of determining in
advance what should
be done and how it
should be realized
/achieved.
 • Planning is having a specific
Definition: purpose or objective, and
mapping out a program or
method to accomplish it before
its achievement.

• Planning is process through which

an organization strive to move a
system from one state of affairs to
another, more valued state of
affairs.

• Planning involves the systematic

identification of opportunities
and threats that lies in the future.
Definition:
Planning is deciding
what objectives we
want accomplish,
what actions should
be taken to achieve
them, what
organizational
positions are assigned
to do them and who
would be responsible
for the action needed.
 Purpose &
Importance
Importance of • It gives meaning to work.
Planning: • It leads to success in achieving
goals and objectives.
• It provides for effective utilization
of available personnel and
facilities.
• It helps in coping with crisis
situations.
• It is cost effective.
• It is based on past and future, thus
helping reduce the element of
change.
• It can be used to discover the need
for change.
• It is needed for effective control.
Purpose of • To provide for consistency of
Planning: actions which is necessary so
that both inside and outside the
organization, that can anticipate
its performance.

• To provide for integration and

coordination of organizational
activities.

• Provide a framework within

which individual decisions are
made through objectives,
policies, procedures, programs
and budget plans.
Process
???
Planning process :
Reactive Approach 1. Diagnosing the problem.
NB: 2. Finding the most
In nursing, panning helps to promising solutions.
ensure that clients or patients
will receive the nursing
service they want and need
3. Analyzing and comparing
that these services are these alternatives.
delivered by satisfied nursing
workers. 4. Selecting the best plan.
Planning process :
Proactive Approach
1. Establish objective
(identify the specific
NB: results or desired
In nursing, panning helps to
ensure that clients or patients
outcome).
will receive the nursing
service they want and need
2. Analyze situation / create
that these services are planning premises.
delivered by satisfied nursing
workers. 3. Determine alternative
course of action.
4. Evaluate alternatives.
5. Choose and design plan.
Types/Dimensions
 Types & Dimensions
Types Dimensions

Operational : Short range plans: cover less one year .

is day to day planning activities. At the unit level, any planning that at
least one day to less one year.

Functional : Medium range plans: cover 1 to less

is also called tactical or conventional than 3 years, such as used by the middle
planning, it is geared to making the best managers; show how the top
use of current resources. management's plans are to be carried out
at the departmental level.

Strategic : Long range plans: cover three or more

is also called cooperate planning. It is a years into the future. Complex
process of determining how an organizational plans that involve a long
organization can make the best possible period (usually 3/5 to 15 or more ).
use of its resources in the future.
 Types of Planning/Plans
• Strategic plans:
o Are designed with the entire organization in
mind,
o its keys vision & mission,
o look ahead to where the organization wants to
be in three, five, even ten years.
o it is provided by top-level managers, serve as the
framework for lower-level planning.
 Types of Planning/Plans
• Tactical plans:
o Support strategic plans by translating them into
specific plans relevant to a distinct area of the
organization.
o Tactical plans are concerned with the
responsibility and functionality of lower-level
departments to fulfill their parts of the strategic
plan.
 Types of Planning/Plans
• Operational plans:
o They are the plans that are made by lowest-level
managers.
o All operational plans are focused on the specific
procedures and processes that occur within the
lowest levels of the organization.
o Managers plan the routine tasks of the
department using a high level of detail.
Hierarchy ???
Planning Hierarchy
Vision
Values
Mission
Philosophy
Goal & Objectives
Policy
Procedures
Plans
Planning
1. Vision: defines where the
Hierarchy organizational want to be in
the future.
It reflects the optimistic view
of the organizational future.

2. Mission: is the reason of an

organization exists.
It is the function of the
organization.
It influences on other parts of
hierarchy.
Planning 3. Values: are behavioral rules
Hierarchy guide the organization in its
treatment of its internal and
external stakeholder. They are
basics for governing work in the
organization & its future.

4. Philosophy: it delineates the set

of values and beliefs that guide all
actions of the organization.
It is the systems of beliefs,
concepts and principles of an
organization.
It serves as a guide for and
explanation of action
Planning 5. Goal : it is the global desired
Hierarchy result toward which the
organization is working.
It should be measurable &
realistic.
6. Objectives: they are specific
desired result/outcomes of
organization. They motivate
individual to specific end
They should be SMART.

Objectives are more specific and

measurable than goals because they
identify how and when the goals are
to be accomplished.
Planning
7. Policy: refers to the collection
Hierarchy of laws and rules that govern the
operation in the organization.
Policy is guideline that has been
formalized by administrative
authority and directs action to
achieve some purpose.
It is a governing principle that
embraces general goals and
mandates or constrains actions.
All proposed policies should
include any general procedures
necessary for implementation
Planning
Hierarchy 8. Procedures:
Are sequence of steps of
required action.
Procedures are detailed
directions for action that
provide step by step
directions and methods for
common situations.
Characteristics
???
Characteristics of 1. Based on clearly defined
a Good Plan: objectives to both the planner
and those who may be concerned
with implementation of the plan.
2. Simple and economical in order
to reduce unnecessary
expenditures.
3. Flexible or having provision for
alternate course of action in
order to cope with emergencies
or changing situations.
4. Comprehensive, integrated into
the total purpose of the
organization, in order to ensure
coordination and balance.
Characteristics of
a Good Planning: 1. Purposeful
2. Process Oriented
3. Hierarchical in Nature
4. Future Directed
5. Multi-dimensional
Characteristics of 1- Purposeful :
a Good Planning:
Planning is rational and
objective process.
Tools and methods are used
to analyze internal and
external factors that
determines the
organization's environment.
Goals are identified only
after the environment has
been assessed and the
organization has a clear
perception of its role ad
purpose.
Characteristics of
a Good Planning:
2- Process Oriented:
Planning is not an isolated act, as
a process it is continues.

The organization moves to a desired

state through revisions and
modifications of planning cycle.

Planning is an integral part of

management. It strives toward
understanding not only the
problem associated with attaining
goals and objectives, but also of
the standards and control
required to realize the goals.
Characteristics of 3- Hierarchical in Nature
a Good Planning: An organization develops a system
of plans, through both
descending and ascending flows
of ideas and strategies to help
the organization meet its
planning goals.

5- Future Directed
Planning deals with future and
therefore require forecasts or
economic variables, patient'
needs and demands, utilization
of health services, social
environment and direction of
political forces.
 5. Multi-dimensional
Characteristics of
a Good Planning: a. Time
Short range (less than one year).
Medium range (less than 3/5 yeas)
Long range (over 3/5 years).

b. Organizational level
Regional, hospital wide or department.

c. Functional area:
Functional area is identified by organizational
department such as, patient services, finance or
maintenance.

d. Orientation
Orientation dimensions are either internal or
external; i.e., involving hospital resource
devolvement or hospital market development.

e. Scope:
comprehensive plan, strategic plan,
implementation plan, operational plan.
Application
Application

1. Action plan
2. Planning Activities
3. Nursing care plan
Action plan
 Where : goal/
objectives needed to
be caught
reached/achieved
HOW : What activities
are needed to
reach/achieve goal
objectives
Who do
what ???
whom
 Time :
point &
period
Budget
Application

1. Action plan
2. Planning Activities
3. Nursing care plan
Planning activities: 1. Develop mission and philosophy for
the nursing department.
the nursing director: 2. Develop nursing standards; job
description, policies and procedures;
for the nursing department.
3. Determine the needed number of
staff nurses to provide nursing care in
the hospital.
4. Participate in the planning of the
educational programs needed for the
nursing personnel in the hospital.
5. Determine supplies and equipment
needed for work.
6. Participate in determining budget
needed for the nursing department.
7. Develop time needed to accomplish
her managerial duties (walking round,
conferences, committees, and
meetings).
Planning activities: 1. Develop the time frame for her daily
activities (nursing round,
the head nurse: participation in the medical round,
conferences, and committees).
2. Design the assignment sheet to
distribute work to the nursing staff.
3. Check the nursing care plan for the
professional nurse.
4. Design the nursing care plan for the
non professional nurse.
5. Determine the number of staff nurse
needed to deliver nursing care.
6. Dentine the equipment needed for
the unit.
7. Determine the equipment which will
be needed in emergency.
Planning activities: 1. Drawn the nursing care plan
the staff nurse: based on the patient's current
needs.
2. Develop time framework "time
log" for her daily activities.
3. Determine the equipment
needed to accomplish the
designed plan.
4. Determine the needed
emergency equipment.
5. Determine the time needed to
accomplish her special duties.
6. Update the designed plan and re-
plan for the new patient's
problems.
Nursing care plan
MAY ALLAH
PLEASE YOU