ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE

ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IS DEFINED AS The lateral

pressure exerted by the column of blood on wall of arteries.
THEY ARE EXPRESSED IN DIFFERENT WAYS

• Systolic blood pressure

• Diastolic blood pressure
• Pulse pressure
• Mean arterial blood pressure
 Systolic
pressure:120mmHg
(110to140mmHg)

Diastolic
pressure:80mmHg(60to8
0mmHg)

Pulse pressure :40mmHg

Mean arterial blood

pressure:93mmHg
(80+13=93)
 FACTORS MAINTAINING ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE:
Factors are necessary to maintain normal blood
pressure.
They are local factors .They are divided into
Central factors: 1. cardiac output 2. heart rate
Peripheral factor: 1.peripheral resistance
2.blood volume
3.venous return
4. Elasticity of blood vessel
5.velocity of blood flow
6.diameter of blood vessels
7.viscocity of blood
REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE
• Nervous mechanism
• Renal mechanism
• Hormonal mechanism
• Local mechanism
NERVOUS MECHANISM : It is rapid among all
the mechanism and regulation of blood pressure.it operate
through the vasomotor system
• VASOMOTOR CENTER
• VASOCONSTRICTOR FIBERS
• VASODILATOR FIBERS
 VASOMOTOR CENTER
• It contains three areas : Vasoconstrictor,
vasodilator and sensory area.
• VASOCONSTRICTOR: It is called pressure
area.it is concerned with acceleration of heart
rate.
• VASODILATOR :It is called depressor area . It is
concerned with cardio inhibition.
• SENSORY AREA : It controls the vasodilator
and vasoconstrictor area.
 VASOCONSTRICTOR FIBERS
The fibers belong to sympathetic division of
autonomic nervous system.
They play a major role in regulation of BP.
VASOMOTOR TONE: It is continuous discharge
of impulse from vasoconstrictor fibers.
It produces a constant partial state of
constriction of blood vessels.
 VASO DILATOR FIBERS
o They are three fibers: parasympathetic fibers
:sympathetic fibers
:Antidromic fibers
 MECHANISM OF VASOMOTOR
CENTER:
• BARO RECEPTOR MECHANISM:
CHEMORECEPTOR MECHANISM
 RENAL MECHANISM
• Kidneys paly a major role in the long term
regulation of arterial blood pressure.
• It regulate by two ways :
 By regulation of ECF volume
 Through Renin angiotensin mechanism
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
SUMMARY