Incandescent

light
bulb
Introduction
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescentlight
globe is an electric light which produces light with a wire filament
heated to a high temperature by an electric current passing through
it, until it glows (see Incandescence).
The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz
bulb that is filled with inert gas.
Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support
and electrical connections.
What is Incandescent
Incandescence is the emission of electromagnetic radiation
(including visible light) from a hot body as a result of its
temperature.
 The term derives from the Latin verb incandescere, to glow white.
 It is a special case of thermal radiation.
 Incandescence is exploited in incandescent light bulbs.
 Sunlight is the incandescence of the "white hot" surface of the sun.
Humphry
Davy
In 1802
Flash Back
In 1850, Davy created the first incandescent light by passing the
current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal
had an extremely high melting point.
But it was not bright enough nor did it last long enough to be
practical.
Over the first three-quarters of the 19th century many
experimenters worked with various combinations of platinum or
iridium wires, carbon rods, and evacuated or semi-evacuated
enclosures.
Lindsay James
Bowman
In 1835
Warren de la Rue
in 1840
Frederick de Moleyns
in 1841
John Wellington Starr
in 1845
Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin
in 1851
Alexander Lodygin
in 1872
Heinrich Göbel
in 1893
Henry Woodward
Joseph Wilson Swan
in 1879
Thomas Alva Edison
in 1879
Flash Back
In addressing the question of who invented the incandescent lamp,
historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list 22 inventors of
incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison.
They conclude that Edison's version was able to outstrip the others
because of a combination of three factors..
 That three factors are shown in next slide…………
Three Factors
 An effective incandescent material
 A higher vacuum than others and
A high resistance that made power distribution from a centralized
source economically viable.
Remains
Of the power consumed by typical incandescent light bulbs, 95% or
more is converted into heat rather than visible light.
Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of
electric lighting.
Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of
electric lighting.
The initial cost of an incandescent bulb is small compared to the
cost of the energy it uses over its lifetime.
1. Outline of Glass bulb
2.Low pressure inert gas (argon,
nitrogen, krypton, xenon)
3.Tungsten filament
4.Contact wire (goes out of stem)
5.Contact wire (goes into stem)
6.Support wires (one end embedded in
stem; conduct no current)
7.Stem (glass mount)
8.Contact wire (goes out of stem)
9.Cap (sleeve)
10.Insulation (vitrite)
11.Electrical contact
Applications
They require no external regulating equipment, have low
manufacturing costs, and work equally well on either alternating
current or direct current.
As a result, the incandescent lamp is widely used in household and
commercial lighting, for portable lighting such as table lamps, car
headlamps, and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising
lighting.