COASTAL ENERGEN PVT.

LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

HEAT STRESS
MANAGEMENT TRAINING
PROGRAM
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Why Does Heat Illness Happen?

 When a human body cannot dispose of excess heat, it stores
it.
 When the heat is stored, the body’s core temperature raises
and the heart beat increases
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Where does heat stress occur?

 Workplaces involving heavy physical work in hot, humid
environments.
 Hot and humid conditions can occur either indoors or
outdoors.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Cooling Mechanisms in Body:

The human body temperature varies from 36°C to 38°C.
To remove excess heat through four different physical
methods.
Convection: The transfer of heat by movement of air next to
skin
Radiation: The transfer of heat to cooler objects in the
surrounding environment. If the environment is warmer than
the body, the body will absorb heat.

Conduction: The transfer of heat between the skin and an

object that are in direct contact with each other.
Evaporation: The cooling of the body that takes place when
sweat evaporates from the skin’s surface.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Factors affecting body Temperature

There are Two Factors affecting the Human Body

Temperature. They Are
 Environmental Factors
 Physical Factors
 Job Factors
Environmental factors
Four environmental factors affect a body’s core
temperature:

 Air temperature
 Humidity level
 Radiant heat (such as the sun or a furnace)
 Air velocity
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Physical Factors
Five personal characteristics affect a body’s core temperature:
 Age
 Weight
 Fitness
 Previous Heat Illness
 Heart Diseases & High Blood Pressure
 Medical condition (Recent Illness) & Medication
 Alcohol Consumption
 Acclimatization to heat
 Clothing
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Job Factors
There are two Job Factors affecting Body Temperature is;
 Clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE)
 Workload
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Results of Increasing Temperature in

Body(Heat related disorders):
 Heat rash
 Sun burns
 Heat cramps
 Heat syncope (Fainting)
 Heat exhaustion
 Heat stroke.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Heat Rash
Heat rash is also known as prickly heat and is the most
common problem in hot work environments.

Symptoms

 Red blotches and extreme itchiness

 Prickling sensation on the skin where sweating occurs.
Treatment
 Cool environment
 Cool shower
 Thorough drying
 Ceasing heat exposure
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Sun burn
Sunburn is red, sometimes swollen, and painful skin caused
by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun

Symptoms

 Red, painful, or blistering and peeling skin.

Treatment
 If the skin blisters, seek medical aid
 Use skin lotions (avoid topical anaesthetics)
 Work in the shade.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Heat Cramps
Under extreme conditions, the body loses salt through
excessive sweating. Heat cramps can result.
These are spasms in larger muscles, usually back, legs, and
arm.
Symptoms
 Hard painful lumps within the muscles.
Treatment
 Stretch and massage the muscles;
 replace salt by drinking commercially carbohydrate or
electrolyte replacement fluids.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Heat Syncope (Fainting)

Not enough blood flowing to the head, causing loss of
Consciousness
Symptoms
 Sudden fainting after at least two hours of work
 cool moist skin;
 weak pulse.
Treatment
 Fainting may be due to a heart attack or other
illness. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION.
 Assess need for CPR. Move to a cool area
 Loosen clothing; Make person lie down
 If the person is conscious, offer sips of cool water.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Heat Exhaustion
This occurs when the body can no longer keep blood
flowing to supply vital organs and to the skin to reduce
body temperature.
Symptoms
 Weakness
 Difficulty continuing work
 Headache
 Breathlessness
 Nausea or vomiting
 Feeling faint or fainting
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Treatment
Heat exhaustion casualties respond quickly to prompt first
aid. If not treated promptly, heat exhaustion can lead to heat
stroke which is a medical emergency.
 Call the OHC Centre
 Help the casualty to cool off by
 Resting in a cool place
 Drinking cool water
 Removing unnecessary clothing
 Loosening clothing
 Showering or sponging with cool water.
 Takes 30 minutes at least to cool the body down
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Heat Stroke
Heat stroke occurs when the body can no longer cool itself
and body temperature rises to critical levels.
Symptoms
 Confusion
 Irrational behavior
 Loss of consciousness
 Convulsions
 Lack of sweating
 Hot, dry skin
 Abnormally high body temperature for example 41°C
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Treatment
For any worker showing signs or symptoms of heat
stroke,
 Call OHC Centre
 Provide immediate, aggressive, general cooling.
 Immerse casualty in tub of cool water or
 Place in cool shower or
 Spray with cool water from a hose.
 Wrap casualty in cool wet sheets
and fan rapidly.
 Transport casualty to hospital.
 Do not give anything by mouth to an
unconscious casualty.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Warning
 Heat stroke can be fatal even after first aid is
administered.
 Anyone suspected of suffering from heat stroke should not
be sent home or left unattended unless that action has
been approved by physician.
 If in doubt as what type of heat-related disorder the worker
is suffering, call for medical assistance.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

HEAT RELATED DISORDERS & ITS PREVENTION

Condition Cause Symptoms Treatment Prevention
Change into dry
Hot humid
clothes and avoid
environment; Red bumpy rash with Wash regularly to keep
Heat Rash hot environments,
plugged sweat severe itching. skin clean and dry.
Rinse skin with cool
glands
water.

If the skin blisters, Work in the shade: cover

seek medical aid Use skin with clothing; apply
Too much Red, painful, or
skin lotions (avoid suntan lotions for sun
Sunburn exposure to the blistering and peeling
topical anaesthetics) protection. People with
sun. skin.
and work in the fair skin should be
shade. especially cautious.

Painful cramps in arms, Move to a cool area;

legs or stomach which loosen clothing and
Heavy sweating
occur suddenly at work drink cool water or
drains a person's As above Don't take salt
or later at home. commercial ‘fluid
Heat body of salt, tablets. Drink 1glass
Cramps are serious replacement’
cramps which cannot be (250 ml) water every 20
because they can be a beverage. If the
replaced just by minutes.
warning of other more cramps are severe or
drinking water
Dangerous heat induced don't go away, seek
illnesses. medical aid.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Condition Cause Symptoms Treatment Prevention

Fainting may be due to

a heart attack or other
Reduce activity levels
illness. GET MEDICAL
and/or heat exposure.
Not enough ATTENTION. Assess
Sudden fainting after Drink fluids regularly.
Heat blood flowing need for CPR. Move to
at least two hours of Workers should check
Syncope to the head, a cool area; loosen
work; cool moist skin; on each other to help
(Fainting) causing loss of clothing; make person
weak pulse. spot the symptoms
Consciousness lie down; and if the
which often precede
person is conscious,
heat stroke.
offer sips of cool
water.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Condition Cause Symptoms Treatment Prevention

Often experiences
profuse (heavy) sweating
with pale, moist, cool skin;
GET MEDICAL AID. This
Inadequate headache, weakness, Reduce activity levels
condition can lead to
salt and dizziness, and/or loss of and/or heat exposure.
heat stroke, which
water appetite. sometimes heat Drink fluids regularly.
can kill.
intake cramps, nausea (with or Workers should check
Move the person to a
causes a without vomiting), urge to on each other to help
Heat cool shaded area;
person's defecate, chills spot the symptoms
Exhaustion loosen or remove
body's (gooseflesh), rapid which often precede
excess clothing;
cooling breathing, confusion, and heat exhaustion.
provide cool water to
system to tingling of the hands
drink (salted if
start to and/or feet Heavy
possible); fan and
break down. sweating; cool moist skin;
spray with cool water.
body temperature over
38oC; weak pulse; normal
or low blood pressure;
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

Condition Cause Symptoms Treatment Prevention

High body
CALL AMBULANCE. This
temperature (over
condition can kill a
If a person's 41oC) and any
person quickly. Remove
body has used one of the following: Reduce activity levels
excess clothing; fan and
up all its the person is weak, and/or heat exposure.
spray the person with
water and confused, upset or Drink fluids regularly.
cool water; offer sips of
salt, it will acting strangely; has Workers should check
Heat Stroke cool water if the person
stop sweating. hot, dry, red skin; on each other to help
is conscious.
This can cause a fast pulse; a spot the symptoms
Heatstroke must be
body headache or which often precede
considered a medical
temperature dizziness. In later heat stroke.
emergency which may
to rise. stages, a person may
result in death if
pass out and have
treatment is delayed
convulsions
COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

HEAT INDEX
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

HEAT INDEX FLAG SYSTEM

DANGER CATEGORY / WBGT
HEAT RELATED HEALTH RISK CONTROLS
FLAG COLOUR INDEX

IV. Extreme Danger >40 Heat Stroke or Sun Stroke Imminent All Work Stopped

Sun Stroke, Heat Exhaustion or Heat

Cramps Likely. Heat Stroke Possible
III. Danger 34-39 Elevated Work Stopped.
With Prolonged Exposure and Physical
Activity

Heat Stroke, Heat Exhaustion or Heat

No Working Alone, Self
II Extreame Caution 28-33 Cramps Possible with Prolonged
Pace
Exposure and Physical Activity

Continual Visual
Fatigue Possible with Prolonged Monitoring of workers in
I . Caution 22-27
Exposure and Physical Activity direct sun and heavy
Work
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

WBGT AND RECOMMENDED WORK REST ROUTINE

WORK LOAD
WORK –REST ROUTINE (EACH
LIGHT MIDEIUM HEAVY HOUR)

30.0 26.7 25.0 CONTINEOUS WORK

30.6 28.0 25.9 45 Min. Work / 15 Min Rest

31.4 29.4 27.9 30 Min Work / 30 MIN Rest

32.2 31.1 30.0 15 Min. Work / 45 Min Rest

Example: If the WBGT =28, a person performing a medium workload should rest for 15 minutes
and work for 45 minutes.
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

INTERPRETATION WITH URINE COLOUR

URINE COLOUR INTERPRETATION & REMEDY

EXTREAMLY DE HYDRATED
DRINK WATER IMMEDIATELY

MILDLY DEHYDRATED
DRINK MORE WATER

NOT DEHYDRATED
DRINK WATER REGULARLY
 COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN

GENERAL HEAT STRESS CONTROL MEASURES

 Fluid Replacement
 Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment
 Work scheduling
 Work rest intervals
 Employee rotation
 Buddy System
 Shade and shielding
 Area Cooling
 Ventilation
 Reduce internal heat generated by the worker
 Food and water hygiene and sanitation
COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN
COASTAL ENERGEN PVT. LTD
2X600 MW MUTIARA THERMAL POWER PLANT,
TUTICORIN