Internet of things

IoT –definition

• Internet appears everywhere in the world

• but it is still a connection between people and people

• IoT connects all things, so it is called “the Internet of objects”
• Objects in an IoT can communicate and exchange data with
each other autonomously
Why IoT
Evolution of the IoT
 Service-oriented architecture for IoT

Sensing layer
- integrated with available hardware objects to sense the statuses of
things;
Network layer
- infrastructure to support over wireless or wired connections among
things;
Service layer
-create and manage services required by users or applications;
Interfaces layer
- consists of the interaction methods with users or applications
 Sensing layer
• The smart systems on tags or sensors are able to
automatically sense the environment and exchange data
among devices.
– Cost, size, resource, and energy consumption.
– Deployment
– Heterogeneity
– Communication
– Network
 Network layer

• In the networking layer, the following issues

should be addressed:
- Network management technologies including managing
fixed, wireless, mobile networks
- Network energy efficiency
- Requirements of QoS
- Technologies for mining and searching
- Data and signal processing
- Security and privacy
 Service layer

• Information exchanging and storage, management of data,

ontologies database, search engines and communication, are
performed at the service layer.
• The activities are conducted by the following components:
-Service discovery
-Service composition
-Trustworthiness management
-Service APIs
 Interface layer

• Interface mechanism to simplify the management and

interconnection of things
•
Standards
Enabling Technologies for IoT
 Enabling technologies

• Identification and tracking technologies

• Integration of WSN and RFID
• Communications
– RFID (e.g. ISO 18000 6c EPC class 1 Gen2)
– NFC, IEEE 802.11 (WLAN), IEEE 802.15.4(ZigBee)
– IEEE 802.15.1(Bluetooth)
– Multihop Wireless Sensor/Mesh Networks
– IETF Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN)
– Machine to Machine (M2M)
– Traditional IP technologies, such as IP, IPv6, etc
Application
 Challenges and Issues
• Issues
– Society: People, security, privacy
• A policy for people in the Internet of Things:
• Legislation
– Environmental aspects
• Resource efficiency
• Pollution and disaster avoidance
– Technological
• Architecture (edge devices, servers, discovery services, security, etc.)
• Governance, naming, identity, interfaces
• Service openness, interoperability
• Connections of real and virtual world
• Standards
 IoT Korea Exhibition 2015
• IoT Application Service
-Smart Factory : Manufacturing process automation system, smart
manufacturing platform solution, industry safety solution
-Life/Health : Smart home service, health care service, remote medical service
-Agricultural/Livestock/Marine Products : Smart farm, smart greenhouse
monitoring, acqua farm environment monitoring system
-Environment : Water quality/reservoir management, forecasting management
system
-Distribution : Location/product/vehicle tracking service, storage management
system
-Transportation : Smart highway, intelligence traffic management, parking,
vehicle control system
-Energy : Building energy management, smart thermometer system
-Cars : vehicle safety/diagnosis, emergency/traffic report, car sharing, meter,
infotainment system
IoT Devices
Life/Health : Smart factory, smart watch, smart glasses, fitness
band, connected bicycle, bio shirts, smart patch, smart
thermometer, smart baby monitoring
Environment/Energy : Smart thermometer, smart meter, beacon
Cars/Traffic : Connected cars, odometry
Smart Home/Electric Devices : Smart TV, refrigerator, air
conditioner, lighting, robot cleaner, CCTv
RFID/NFC : Tag, reader, module, antenna, printer, chips
IoT Platform
Open HW platform, device platform, things connected platform,
things data platform.
IoT Security
-Communications/network security, Open API security
Platform security, service security technology, counterhack, OS
security, access control, certification/ permission system
Sensors and its components
Sensors (accelerator, gyroscope, magnetometer, ambient
temperature, oximetry, skin conduction)
Sensor nodes, battery, energy harvesting
 Smart Factories
• “Industries 4.0 is focused on creating smart products,
procedures and processes. Smart factories constitute a key
feature of Industries 4.0. Smart factories are capable of
managing complexity, are less prone to disruption and are
able to manufacture goods more efficiently. In the smart
factory, human beings, machines and resources communicate
with each other as naturally as in a social network.”
(Kagermann, Wahlster, & Helbig, April 2013, p. 19)
 Cyber Physical Systems
• “Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are physical and engineered
systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated,
controlled and integrated by a computing and
communication core. This intimate coupling between the
cyber and physical will be manifested from the nano-world to
large-scale wide-area systems of systems. And at multiple
time-scales.” (National Science Foundation CPS Summit, n/a)
 Internet of Things
• “Things having identities and virtual personalities operating
in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and
communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts”.
A different definition, that puts the focus on the seamless
integration, could be formulated as “Interconnected objects
having an active role in what might be called the Future
Internet” (Bassi & Horn, 2008, p. 6)
Difference between Cyber Physical Systems and
the Internet of Things