Index

 Introduction
 Repository rate
 Blood pressure/Heart beat
 Galvanic Skin Resistence
 Polygraph machine
 Lie Detection Test
 Who uses polygraphs?
introduction
 A polygraph (commonly referred to as a lie
detector) is an instrument that measures and
records several physiological responses such
as blood pressure, pulse, respiration and skin
conductivity while the subject is asked and
answers a series of questions, on the basis
that false answers will produce distinctive
measurements
Respiration rate
 Two pneumographs , rubber tubes
filled with air, are placed around the test
subject's chest and abdomen. When the
chest or abdominal muscles expand, the
air inside the tubes is displaced.
 In an analog polygraph, the displaced air
acts on a bellows, an accordion-like
device that contracts when the tubes
expand.
 This bellows is attached to a mechanical arm,
which is connected to an ink-filled pen that
makes marks on the scrolling paper when the
subject takes a breath .
 digital polygraph also uses the
pneumographs, but employs transducers to
convert the energy of the displaced air into
electronic signals
Blood Pressure/Heart rate
 A blood-pressure cuff is placed around
the subject's upper arm.
 Tubing runs from the cuff to the
polygraph As blood pumps through the
arm it makes sound; the changes in
pressure caused by the sound displace
the air in the tubes, which are connected
to a bellows, which moves the pen.
 Again, in digital polygraphs, these
signals are converted into electrical
signals by transducers.
Galvanic skin Resistence
 - This is also called electro-dermal
activity, and is basically a measure of the
sweat on your fingertips.
 The finger tips are one of the most porous
areas on the body and so are a good place to
look for sweat .
 . Fingerplates, called galvanometers, are
attached to two of the subject's fingers.
 These plates measure the skin's ability
to conduct electricity. When the skin is
hydrated (as with sweat), it conducts
electricity much more easily than when
it is dry.
Polygraph Machine
 A polygraph instrument is basically a
combination of medical devices that are
used to monitor changes occurring in the
body. As a person is questioned about a
certain event or incident, the examiner
looks to see how the person's heart rate,
blood pressure, respiratory rate and electro-
dermal activity (sweatiness, in this case of
the fingers) change in comparison to normal
levels. Fluctuations may indicate that person
is being deceptive, but exam results are
open to interpretation by the examiner.
 Polygraph exams are most often
associated with criminal investigations,
but there are other instances in which
they are used.
 Many government entities, and some
private-sector employers, will require or
ask you to undergo a polygraph exam
prior to employment.
 ­ hen you sit down in the chair for a
W
polygraph exam, several tubes and wires are
connected to your body in specific locations
to monitor your physiological activities.
Deceptive behavior is supposed to trigger
certain physiological changes that can be
detected by a polygraph and a trained
examiner, who is sometimes called a
forensic psychophysiologist (FP).
 This examiner is looking for the amount
of fluctuation in certain physiological
activities. Here's a list of physiological
activities that are monitored by the
polygraph and how they are monitored:
LIE DETECTION TEST
 ­Undergoing a lie detector test can be
an intimidating experience that can
challenge the nerves of even the most
stoic person. You are sitting there with
wires and tubes attached to and
wrapped around your body.
 Even if you have nothing to hide, you
could be afraid that the metal-box
instrument sitting next to you will say
otherwise. Fittingly, undergoing the
uncomfortable experience of a
polygraph test is often referred to as
"going on the box."
Who uses Polygraphs?
 Polygraphs are limited in their use in
the private sector, but they are
frequently used by the U.S.
government.
 National security (Central
Intelligence Agency, Federal
Bureau of Investigation, National
Security Agency, etc.)
 Criminal investigation
 Pre-employment screening
 Internal-affairs investigations of
law enforcement
 Banks ­